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      Selected Aspects Related to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants as Alternative Sources of Bioactive Compounds

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          Abstract

          Natural compounds obtained from different medicinal and aromatic plants have gained respect as alternative treatments to synthetic drugs, as well as raw materials for different applications (cosmetic, food and feed industries, environment protection, and many others). Based on a literature survey on dedicated databases, the aim of the present work is to be a critical discussion of aspects regarding classical extraction versus modern extraction techniques; possibilities to scale up (advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods usually applied and the influence of extraction parameters); and different medicinal and aromatic plants’ different applications (medical and industrial applications, as well as the potential use in nanotechnology). As nowadays, research studies are directed toward the development of modern, innovative applications of the medicinal and aromatic plants, aspects regarding future perspectives are also discussed.

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          Exogenous antioxidants—Double-edged swords in cellular redox state

          Jaouad Bouayed, Torsten Bohn (2010)
          The balance between oxidation and antioxidation is believed to be critical in maintaining healthy biological systems. Under physiological conditions, the human antioxidative defense system including e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) and others, allows the elimination of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) including, among others superoxide anions (O2 .-), hydroxyl radicals (OH.), alkoxyl radicals (RO.) and peroxyradicals (ROO.). However, our endogenous antioxidant defense systems are incomplete without exogenous originating reducing compounds such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids and polyphenols, playing an essential role in many antioxidant mechanisms in living organisms. Therefore, there is continuous demand for exogenous antioxidants in order to prevent oxidative stress, representing a disequilibrium redox state in favor of oxidation. However, high doses of isolated compounds may be toxic, owing to prooxidative effects at high concentrations or their potential to react with beneficial concentrations of ROS normally present at physiological conditions that are required for optimal cellular functioning. This review aims to examine the double-edged effects of dietary originating antioxidants with a focus on the most abundant compounds, especially polyphenols, vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids. Different approaches to enrich our body with exogenous antioxidants such as via synthetic antioxidants, diets rich in fruits and vegetables and taking supplements will be reviewed and experimental and epidemiological evidences discussed, highlighting that antioxidants at physiological doses are generally safe, exhibiting interesting health beneficial effects.
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            Environmental fate and toxicity of ionic liquids: a review.

            Thi Thuy Pham, Chul-Woong Cho, Yeoung-Sang Yun (2010)
            Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic salts with low melting point that are being considered as green replacements for industrial volatile organic compounds. The reputation of these solvents as "environmental friendly" chemicals is based primarily on their negligible vapor pressure. Nonetheless, the solubility of ILs in water and a number of literature documenting toxicity of ILs to aquatic organisms highlight a real cause for concern. The knowledge of ILs behavior in the terrestrial environment, which includes microbial degradation, sorption and desorption, is equally important since both soil and aquatic milieu are possible recipients of IL contamination. This article reviews the achievements and current status of environmental risk assessment of ILs, and hopefully provides insights into this research frontier. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Antidiabetic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Active Components

              Bahare Salehi, Athar Ata, Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar … (2019)
              Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in the world, the incidence and associated mortality are increasing. Inadequate regulation of the blood sugar imposes serious consequences for health. Conventional antidiabetic drugs are effective, however, also with unavoidable side effects. On the other hand, medicinal plants may act as an alternative source of antidiabetic agents. Examples of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential are described, with focuses on preclinical and clinical studies. The beneficial potential of each plant matrix is given by the combined and concerted action of their profile of biologically active compounds.
              Article 0 comments Cited 122 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Raffaele Capasso: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 February 2021
                Publication date Collection: February 2021
                Volume: 22
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1521
                Affiliations
                [1 ]National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; fierascu.radu@ 123456icechim.ro (R.C.F.); baroi_anda@ 123456yahoo.com (A.M.B.)
                [2 ]Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
                [3 ]Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, University of Agronomic Sciences, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; alina_ortan@ 123456hotmail.com
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4224-9157
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1834-9812
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0925-1677
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-22-01521
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041521
                PMC ID: 7913593
                PubMed ID: 33546333
                SO-VID: 3e8a4eb1-f12b-47b6-adca-4acb17129faa
                Copyright © © 2021 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 13 January 2021
                Date accepted : 31 January 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: medicinal plants,bioactive compounds,biomedical applications,industrial applications,nanotechnology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: medicinal plants, bioactive compounds, biomedical applications, industrial applications, nanotechnology

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