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      Calidad microbiológica de las aguas termales del balneario “El Tingo”. Pichincha. Ecuador Translated title: Microbial quality of the thermal waters of the spa “El Tingo”. Pichincha. Ecuador

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: El propósito del trabajo fue determinar la calidad microbiológica del agua termal del Balneario “El Tingo”, situado a 2500 msnm, Provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizaron cuatro muestreos en diferentes épocas del año y en dos zonas del Balneario. Se determinaron “in situ” los parámetros fisicoquímicos (conductividad, dureza, oxígeno disuelto, pH y temperatura). La cuantificación de bacterias heterótrofas, coliformes y hongos se hizo en medios de cultivos específicos para cada grupo microbiano. La identificación de las cepas bacterianas aisladas se realizó de acuerdo con lo indicado por MacFaddin (2004). Resultados: Los resultados indican que el agua termal del Tingo se clasifica como de conductividad muy fuerte, mineralización excesiva, aguas muy duras, con muy poco oxígeno disuelto, pH neutro e hipertermales. El contaje promedio de bacterias heterótrofas en el agua contenida en la cisterna del balneario fue de 2,10 x 102 UFC/mL, coliformes totales de 0,30 x 10 UFC/mL y hongos 1,00 x 10 UFC/mL. Para las duchas de agua termal los valores promedios fueron de 2,42 x 102 UFC/mL de bacterias heterótrofas, 0,85 x 10 UFC/mL coliformes totales y 0,68 x 10 UFC/mL de hongos. No se detectó la presencia de Escherichia coli en ninguna de las muestras analizadas. Se identificaron 14 cepas Gram negativas de los géneros Aeromonas, Burkholderia, Citrobacter y Pseudomonas, 5 Gram positivas de los géneros Bacillus y Staphylococcus y 2 cepas fúngicas del género Aspergillus. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos demuestran una población microbiana escasa y poco diversa, lo que implica una buena calidad del agua y de los acuíferos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: The purpose of research was determining the microbiological quality of the thermal water of the “El Tingo” Spa, located at 2500 mamsl, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Methods: Four samplings were carried out at different times of the year and in two areas of the Spa. The physicochemical parameters (conductivity, hardness, dissolved oxygen, pH, dissolved solids and temperature) were determined “in situ”. The heterotrophic bacteria, coliforms and molds was determined, as well as the identification of the isolated strains according to the indicated by MacFaddin (2004). Results: The Tingo thermal water is classified as very strong conductivity, excessive mineralization, very hard water, with very little dissolved oxygen, neutral pH and hyperthermal. The average count of heterotrophic bacteria in the water contained in the cistern of the spa were 2.10 x 102 CFU / mL, coliforms 0.30 x 10 CFU / mL and fungi1,00 x 10 CFU / mL. For the thermal water showers, the average values were 2.42 x 102 CFU/ mL of heterotrophic bacteria, 0.85 x 10 CFU / mL coliforms and 0.68 x 10 CFU/mLfungi. Escherichia coli were not detectedin any of the samples. It was possible to identify 14 Gram negative strains of the genus Aeromonas, Burkholderia, Citrobacter and Pseudomonas, 5 Gram positive of the genera Bacillus and Staphylococcus and 2 fungal strains of the genus Aspergillus. Conclusions: The results obtained show little and not very diverse microbial population, which implies a good quality of water and aquifers.

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          Fungal spoilage of bottled mineral water.

          The occurrence of filamentous fungi together with bacteriological parameters was assessed in 126 samples of still bottled mineral water of eight different commercial brands in Argentina. In spoiled samples with visible mycelium growth, the most frequently isolated fungal species were Penicillium citrinum, P. glabrum, other Penicillium species, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Alternaria alternata. In unspoiled samples, the genera found were Penicillium, Cladosporium, Rhizopus, Aspergillus and Phoma. Only three of the 126 samples failed to meet the required microbiological standards because they were found to contain faecal streptococci.
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            Contamination of microbial foreign bodies in bottled mineral water in Tokyo, Japan.

            A total of 292 imported and domestic bottled mineral waters (90 brands) obtained from consumers and retailers were examined, by eye, for observable microbial foreign bodies. Fungal and bacterial foreign contaminants were found in 45 samples of water (20 brands) and in 14 samples of water (10 brands), respectively. Of the samples of water found to be contaminated, 41 (22 brands) were imported and 18 (8 brands) were produced domestically. Of 22 brands that were contaminated, 20 (91%) had been sterilized by at least one method. Forty-eight (98%) of 49 samples confirmed with foreign bodies were less than 1 year old. Among the moulds isolated the most predominant genus was Penicillium, followed by Acremonium and Cladosporium. The samples that contained fungi were less contaminated by bacteria than those that contained observable bacterial foreign bodies.
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              Historia de las aguas mineromedicinales en España

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ars
                Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)
                Ars Pharm
                Universidad de Granada (Granada, Granada, Spain )
                2340-9894
                March 2020
                : 61
                : 1
                : 15-25
                Affiliations
                [2] Chimborazo orgnameEscuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo orgdiv1Escuela de Bioquímica y Farmacia Ecuador
                [1] Quito orgnameUniversidad Central del Ecuador orgdiv1Facultad de Ingeniería en Geología, Minas, Petróleo y Ambiental orgdiv2Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental Ecuador
                [3] orgnameUniversidad de Los Andes orgdiv1Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis Venezuela
                Article
                S2340-98942020000100015 S2340-9894(20)06100100015
                10.30827/ars.v61i1.8378
                3ec2c8c9-bb0f-4133-a05c-0b3c8c6b49a0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 October 2019
                : 12 December 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                Water Microbiology,Balneario “El Tingo”,Aguas termales,Calidad del agua,Microbiología del Agua,Spa “El Tingo”,Thermal Water,Water Quality

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