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      Florística dos campos de murundus do Pantanal do Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brasil Translated title: Floristics of floodplain 'murundus' of the Pantanal of Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brazil

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          Abstract

          O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar e comparar a riqueza e a composição de espécies de angiospermas entre campos de murundus (CM) do Parque Estadual do Araguaia (PEA), em uma das maiores planícies de inundação do Brasil. O PEA localiza-se em Novo Santo Antônio, Mato Grosso, sendo delimitado a leste pelo Rio Araguaia e a oeste pelo Rio das Mortes. Foram realizadas coletas intensivas da flora em 11 hectares, e áreas adjacentes, de CM distribuídos ao longo do PEA. Estudos do meio físico foram realizados através de descrições in situ. Os solos são do tipo Plintossolo, hidromórficos minerais, profundos, imperfeitamente a mal drenados, com baixa permeabilidade. No total foram coletadas 318 espécies, 193 gêneros e 66 famílias. Nos CM os valores variaram de 51 a 135 espécies, 42 a 107 gêneros e 27 a 52 famílias. Erythroxylum suberosum foi considerada uma espécie típica de CM brasileiros, Curatella americana típica de CM de Mato Grosso e Byrsonima cydoniifolia típica do PEA. O padrão físico e de distribuição espacial dos murundus pode ser um reflexo do pulso de inundação sazonal, visto que a composição florística dos campos de murundus variou entre as áreas de influência dos rios que delimitam o parque. Este foi o maior levantamento florístico já realizado em CM, permitindo relevante ampliação do conhecimento e registro de espécies típicas do Bioma Cerrado e que ocorrem nessa fitofisionomia.

          Translated abstract

          This study aimed to compare angiosperm species richness and composition between floodplain 'murundus' (FM) of Araguaia State Park (ASP) in one of Brazil´s largest floodplains. ASP is located in Novo Santo Antônio, Mato Grosso state, and is bordered on the east by the Araguaia River, and on the west by Das Mortes River. Intensive floristic inventories were made on 11 hectares, and adjacent areas, of FM distributed over ASP. Environmental studies were performed by in situ descriptions. The soils are deep, mineral hydromorphic plinthosols, imperfectly to poorly drained, with low permeability. A total of 318 species, 193 genera and 66 families were collected, and FM values ranged from 51 to 135 species, 42 to 107 genera and 27 to 52 families. Erythroxylum suberosum is a typical species of Brazilian FM, Curatella americana typical of Mato Grosso FM and Byrsonima cydoniifolia typical of the ASP. The physical and spatial distribution pattern of the "murundus" (earthmounds) may reflect the seasonal flood pulse, since the floristic composition of the FM varied between the areas under the influence of the rivers that border the park. This was the largest floristic inventory ever undertaken in FM, with a significant increase in our knowledge and recording of typical species of the Cerrado Biome which occur in this phytophysiognomy.

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          The Central Amazon Floodplain: Ecology of a Pulsing System

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            Floodplain ‘murundus’ of Central Brazil: evidence for the termite-origin hypothesis

            ‘Campos de murundus’ are a typical landscape of Central Brazil characterized by countless rounded earthmounds (the ‘murundus’), which are covered by woody ‘cerrado’ (savanna) vegetation and are found scattered over a grass-covered surface (the ‘campo’). A detailed study was carried out in the region of Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso on a particular campo de murundus (area of 5.065 ha) lying in a sedimentary depression where the earthmounds are true islands during the annual floods, allowing the colonization both by cerrado plants and by termites. The mounds were mapped and measured for their size and shape. Mounds' diameters ranged from 0.2 to 22.0 m and heights ranged from 0.1 to 1.1m. The 445 smaller mounds (< 0.8 m diameter) were found to have a clumped distribution, occupying 0.1% of the area. They are actually small termite nests built byArmitermes euamignathus. The 80 larger mounds (> 0.8 m diameter) were uniformly distributed, occupying 6.3%, of the area. These mounds are colonized byCornitermes snyderiandCornitermes bequaertiwhich build big termite nests on the summit of the mounds. Soil analyses indicated a close similarity between the campo and the surrounding cerrado whose soils had coarser texture and were poor in nutrients. Soils of the earthmounds and termite nests showed finer texture, lower pH and higher amounts of mineral nutrients. It is suggested here that this particular type of campo de murundus is formed mainly from the localized activity of nest-building by termites, followed by nest degradation, during many generations of termite colonies.
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              The geomorphologic response of a large pristine alluvial river to tremendous deforestation in the South American tropics: The case of the Araguaia River

                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                abb
                Acta Botanica Brasilica
                Acta Bot. Bras.
                Sociedade Botânica do Brasil (Belo Horizonte )
                1677-941X
                March 2012
                : 26
                : 1
                : 181-196
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de Brasília Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade de Brasília Brazil
                [5 ] Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente Brasil
                Article
                S0102-33062012000100018
                10.1590/S0102-33062012000100018
                3ec7497f-e33f-4a6b-8cce-aa26d6392241

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-3306&lng=en
                Categories
                PLANT SCIENCES

                Plant science & Botany
                Araguaia Floodplain,flooding,grassland,Erythroxylum suberosum,Planície de Inundação do Araguaia,inundação,campo graminoso

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