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      Impact of proximity of thermoelectric power plants on bronchial obstructive crisis rates

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          Abstract

          Background

          Environmental pollution is a risk factor for cardiorespiratory diseases. Energy generated by thermoelectric power plants (TEPP) represents a relevant source of pollution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between living near a coal-fired TEPP and the consultation rates for bronchial obstructive crises (BOC) in the province of Concepción, Chile.

          Methods

          Population-based study. The epidemiological weeks from 2012 to 2014 were analyzed. The dependent variable was the emergency consultation rate for BOC in two health centers within 5 km of a TEPP (Coronel) and two that were more than 40 Km away from a TEPP (Talcahuano). The independent variables were the commune, climatological variables (air temperature and relative atmospheric humidity), environmental pollutants (PM 10, PM 2.5 and nitrogen oxide), weeks with the highest consultation rate and the years. Rates, Pearson’s correlation and gross risk measures were calculated and adjusted for environmental and climatological variables.

          Results

          BOC rates were significantly higher in Coronel (RR = 4.9 95% CI 4.0–5.8; p < 0.05). The PM 2.5 it showed the strongest correlation with BOC rates ( r = 0.3; p < 0.01) in Coronel, but not Talcahuano. Linear regression modelling indicated that proximity to a TEPP (health center location) and temperature explained 26 and 18% of the variance in BOC rates, respectively.

          Conclusions

          Rates of emergency consultation for BOC were significantly higher among a population living within 5 km of a coal-fired TEPP than those living 40 km away.

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          Most cited references10

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          Contaminación atmosférica, asma bronquial e infecciones respiratorias agudas en menores de edad, de La Habana

          OBJETIVO: Identificar la relación que guardan las consultas de urgencias por enfermedades respiratorias agudas, crisis agudas de asma bronquial e infecciones respiratorias agudas, con los cambios diarios en los niveles de contaminación atmosférica, en menores de 14 años de edad que fueron atendidos en dos centros hospitalarios de la ciudad de La Habana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio ecológico de series de tiempo durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de octubre de 1996 y el 11 marzo de 1998. Se estudió la asociación entre la presencia de crisis agudas de asma bronquial, infecciones respiratorias agudas y enfermedades respiratorias agudas por un lado, y la exposición a niveles de partículas menores de 10 µg/m³ (PM10), humo y dióxido de azufre (SO2), por otro; asimismo, se construyeron modelos con la técnica de regresión binomial negativa, para estudiar periodos de latencia de 1 a 5 días y el efecto acumulado de siete días, previos a las consultas de urgencia. RESULTADOS: Los niveles de contaminación atmosférica, por lo general, resultaron bajos, ya que el promedio de 24 horas para PM10, humo y SO2 fue de 59.2 µg/m³ (DE=29.2), 27.7 µg/m³ (DE=21.2) y 21.1 µg/m³ (DE=20.1), respectivamente. Un incremento de 20 µg/m³ en el promedio diario de humo se relacionó con un incremento de 2.2% (IC 95% 0.9-3.6) en el número de consultas de urgencias por crisis agudas de asma bronquial. Un incremento de 20 µg/m³ en el promedio diario de humo y de SO2 se relacionó con un incremento en las infecciones respiratorias agudas de 2.4% (95% CI 1.2-3.6) y 5% (95% CI 1.3-5.3), respectivamente, con un retraso de cinco días. Además, se presentó un efecto acumulado en todos los contaminantes estudiados. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados sugieren que los niveles de contaminantes atmosféricos en la ciudad de La Habana afectan la salud respiratoria de los niños, por lo que se requiere de la aplicación de medidas de control, en particular para disminuir las emisiones vehiculares
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            Association between Residential Proximity to Fuel-Fired Power Plants and Hospitalization Rate for Respiratory Diseases

            Background: Air pollution is known to cause respiratory disease. Unlike motor vehicle sources, fuel-fired power plants are stationary. Objective: Using hospitalization data, we examined whether living near a fuel-fired power plant increases the likelihood of hospitalization for respiratory disease. Methods: Rates of hospitalization for asthma, acute respiratory infection (ARI), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were estimated using hospitalization data for 1993–2008 from New York State in relation to data for residences near fuel-fired power plants. We also explored data for residential proximity to hazardous waste sites. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, race, median household income, and rural/urban residence, there were significant 11%, 15%, and 17% increases in estimated rates of hospitalization for asthma, ARI, and COPD, respectively, among individuals > 10 years of age living in a ZIP code containing a fuel-fired power plant compared with one that had no power plant. Living in a ZIP code with a fuel-fired power plant was not significantly associated with hospitalization for asthma or ARI among children < 10 years of age. Living in a ZIP code with a hazardous waste site was associated with hospitalization for all outcomes in both age groups, and joint effect estimates were approximately additive for living in a ZIP code that contained a fuel-fired power plant and a hazardous waste site. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to air pollution from fuel-fired power plants and volatile compounds coming from hazardous waste sites increases the risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases.
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              Influencia de virus respiratorios, frío y contaminación aérea en la infección respiratoria aguda baja del lactante

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                tamy.sc.2005@gmail.com
                carlos.manterola@ufrontera.cl
                cartesvelasquez@gmail.com
                +56-45-2592177 , tamara.otzen@ufrontera.cl
                Journal
                BMC Public Health
                BMC Public Health
                BMC Public Health
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2458
                19 January 2017
                19 January 2017
                2017
                : 17
                : 96
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2287 9552, GRID grid.412163.3, Medical Sciences Programs, , Universidad de La Frontera, ; Temuco, Chile
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2298 9663, GRID grid.5380.e, Facultad de Medicina, , Universidad de Concepción, ; Concepción, Chile
                [3 ]Grupo de Investigación en Salud Cardiovascular y Respiratoria (IDEAS-CVR), Concepción, Chile
                [4 ]GRID grid.441837.d, Center for Biomedical Research, , Universidad Autónoma de Chile, ; Temuco, Chile
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2298 9663, GRID grid.5380.e, Facultad de Odontología, , Universidad de Concepción, ; Concepción, Chile
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2179 0636, GRID grid.412182.c, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, , Universidad de Tarapacá, ; Arica, Chile
                [7 ]GRID grid.430666.1, , Universidad Científica del Sur, ; Chorrillos, Peru
                [8 ]GRID grid.441837.d, , Universidad Autónoma de Chile, ; Temuco, Chile
                Article
                4008
                10.1186/s12889-016-4008-7
                5248459
                28103912
                3ef03797-2b32-484a-91b6-968affd41bdc
                © The Author(s). 2017

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 22 June 2016
                : 28 December 2016
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006255, Universidad de Concepción;
                Award ID: Project VRID Nº 215.082.050-1.0IN
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Public health
                “environmental pollution” [mesh],“power plants” [mesh],“airway obstruction” [mesh],thermoelectric power plants,“chile” [mesh]

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