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      Massively parallel recordings in macaque motor cortex during an instructed delayed reach-to-grasp task

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          Abstract

          We publish two electrophysiological datasets recorded in motor cortex of two macaque monkeys during an instructed delayed reach-to-grasp task, using chronically implanted 10-by-10 Utah electrode arrays. We provide a) raw neural signals (sampled at 30 kHz), b) time stamps and spike waveforms of offline sorted single and multi units (93/49 and 156/19 SUA/MUA for the two monkeys, respectively), c) trial events and the monkey’s behavior, and d) extensive metadata hierarchically structured via the odML metadata framework (including quality assessment post-processing steps, such as trial rejections). The dataset of one monkey contains a simultaneously saved record of the local field potential (LFP) sampled at 1 kHz. To load the datasets in Python, we provide code based on the Neo data framework that produces a data structure which is annotated with relevant metadata. We complement this loading routine with an example code demonstrating how to access the data objects (e.g., raw signals) contained in such structures. For Matlab users, we provide the annotated data structures as mat files.

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          Most cited references15

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          Current source-density method and application in cat cerebral cortex: investigation of evoked potentials and EEG phenomena.

          U Mitzdorf (1984)
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            Reliability of signals from a chronically implanted, silicon-based electrode array in non-human primate primary motor cortex.

            Multiple-electrode arrays are valuable both as a research tool and as a sensor for neuromotor prosthetic devices, which could potentially restore voluntary motion and functional independence to paralyzed humans. Long-term array reliability is an important requirement for these applications. Here, we demonstrate the reliability of a regular array of 100 microelectrodes to obtain neural recordings from primary motor cortex (MI) of monkeys for at least three months and up to 1.5 years. We implanted Bionic (Cyberkinetics, Inc., Foxboro, MA) silicon probe arrays in MI of three Macaque monkeys. Neural signals were recorded during performance of an eight-direction, push-button task. Recording reliability was evaluated for 18, 35, or 51 sessions distributed over 83, 179, and 569 days after implantation, respectively, using qualitative and quantitative measures. A four-point signal quality scale was defined based on the waveform amplitude relative to noise. A single observer applied this scale to score signal quality for each electrode. A mean of 120 (+/- 17.6 SD), 146 (+/- 7.3), and 119 (+/- 16.9) neural-like waveforms were observed from 65-85 electrodes across subjects for all recording sessions of which over 80% were of high quality. Quantitative measures demonstrated that waveforms had signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) up to 20 with maximum peak-to-peak amplitude of over 1200 microv with a mean SNR of 4.8 for signals ranked as high quality. Mean signal quality did not change over the duration of the evaluation period (slope 0.001, 0.0068 and 0.03; NS). By contrast, neural waveform shape varied between, but not within days in all animals, suggesting a shifting population of recorded neurons over time. Arm-movement related modulation was common and 66% of all recorded neurons were tuned to reach direction. The ability for the array to record neural signals from parietal cortex was also established. These results demonstrate that neural recordings that can provide movement related signals for neural prostheses, as well as for fundamental research applications, can be reliably obtained for long time periods using a monolithic microelectrode array in primate MI and potentially from other cortical areas as well.
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              Single unit recording capabilities of a 100 microelectrode array.

              We have developed a three-dimensional silicon electrode array which provides 100 separate channels for neural recording in cortex. The device is manufactured using silicon micromachining techniques, and we have conducted acute recording experiments in cat striate cortex to evaluate the recording capabilities of the array. In a series of five acute experiments, 58.6% of the electrodes in the array were found to be capable of recording visually evoked responses. In the most recent acute study, the average signal-to-noise ratio for recordings obtained from 56 of the electrodes in the array was calculated to be 5.5:1. Using standard window discrimination techniques, an average of 3.4 separable spikes were identified for each of these electrodes. In order to compare the two-dimensional mapping capabilities of the array with those derived from other technologies, orientation preference and ocular dominance maps were generated for each of the evoked responses. Histological evaluation of the implant site indicates some localized tissue insult, but this is likely due to the perfusion procedure since high signal-to-noise ratio neural responses were recorded. The recording capabilities of the Utah Intracortical Electrode Array in combination with the large number of electrodes available for recording make the array a tool well suited for investigations into the parallel processing mechanisms in cortex.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sci Data
                Sci Data
                Scientific Data
                Nature Publishing Group
                2052-4463
                10 April 2018
                2018
                : 5
                : 180055
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), UMR 7289, CNRS-Aix Marseille Université , 13005 Marseille, France
                [2 ]Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10) , 52425 Jülich, Germany
                [3 ]Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen, Germany
                [4 ]RIKEN Brain Science Institute , Wako-Shi 351-0198 Saitama, Japan
                Author notes
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-9939
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9986-7477
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-7300
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-2220
                Article
                sdata201855
                10.1038/sdata.2018.55
                5892370
                29633986
                3ef14e53-68fc-444b-a10a-d6d843678cff
                Copyright © 2018, The Author(s)

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the metadata files made available in this article.

                History
                : 23 October 2017
                : 30 January 2018
                Categories
                Data Descriptor

                neural encoding,motor cortex,data publication and archiving

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