Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) is cleaved by neutrophil elastase converting the high-affinity (haCBG) conformation of CBG to a low-affinity (laCBG) conformation with a ninefold reduced cortisol-binding affinity. These in vitro data suggest that cortisol release by CBG cleavage results in the targeted delivery of cortisol to areas of inflammation. Our objective was to determine whether CBG cleavage alters circulating levels of haCBG and laCBG in vivo in proportion to sepsis severity.