4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Evaluación económica de programas de vacunación en la población pediátrica Translated title: Economic evaluation of vaccine programmes in paediatric populations

      rapid-communication

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Resumen En el contexto generalizado de recursos limitados para financiar las intervenciones sanitarias disponibles para una población, se requieren criterios explícitos que permitan seleccionar el conjunto de prestaciones que aporten el mayor beneficio en salud posible con los recursos existentes. La evaluación económica de intervenciones sanitarias es una herramienta de análisis que compara los costes y los resultados en salud de programas sanitarios alternativos con el fin de informar sobre su eficiencia. El marco tradicional de la evaluación económica presenta algunas limitaciones para la evaluación específica de intervenciones de salud pública, como son los programas de vacunación, especialmente los destinados a la población pediátrica. Entre ellos se destacan los desafíos que presenta evaluar intervenciones donde los efectos en salud ocurren en el largo plazo, sobre poblaciones diferentes a las que se aplica la intervención, con posibles efectos adversos en población sana, con efectos intangibles considerables, con implicaciones relevantes sobre la desigualdad, y que requieren de la medición de resultados en salud en niños y niñas, así como en sus entornos. Entre las principales vías de avance para que las evaluaciones económicas sean capaces de abordar las problemáticas inherentes a los programas de vacunación en población pediátrica destacamos la posibilidad de emplear medidas de resultados capaces de captar beneficios de bienestar social más allá de las mejoras en salud individuales, así como la aplicación de los métodos que caractericen los efectos dinámicos y los altos niveles de incertidumbre cuando estos sean necesarios.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract In the widespread context of limited resources to fund health care interventions available to a population, explicit criteria are required to select the health care package that achieves the maximum population health with existing resources. Economic evaluation of health interventions is an analytical tool that compares the costs and health benefits of alternative health programmes with the aim to inform about their efficiency. The traditional economic evaluation framework has some limitations for the specific evaluation of public health programmes such as vaccine programmes, especially for those targeted to the paediatric population. Among these, we highlight the challenges of evaluating interventions with long-term health effects on different populations to which the intervention is applied, with possible adverse events on healthy individuals, with considerable intangible effects, with relevant implications on inequalities, and that require the quantification of health effects on children as well as their relatives. The main lines of further developments for economic evaluation to address the inherent issues of vaccine programmes for children that we highlight consist in the possibility of using outcomes measures capable of capturing social well-being benefits beyond individual health improvements, as well as the application of methods to characterise dynamic effects and high levels of uncertainty when these are needed.

          Related collections

          Most cited references13

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper, May 2017–Recommendations

          (2017)
          This article presents the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations on the use of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines excerpted from the WHO position paper on Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper, May 2017, published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record [1]. This position paper replaces the 2014 WHO position paper on HPV vaccines [2]. The position paper focuses primarily on the prevention of cervical cancer, but also considers the broader spectrum of cancers and other diseases preventable by HPV vaccination. It incorporates recent developments concerning HPV vaccines, including the licensure of a nonavalent (9-valent) vaccine and recent data on vaccine effectiveness, and provides guidance on the choice of vaccine. New recommendations are proposed regarding vaccination strategies targeting girls only or both girls and boys, and vaccination of multiple birth cohorts [3]. Footnotes to this paper provide a number of core references including references to grading tables that assess the quality of the scientific evidence, and to the evidence-to-recommendation table. In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines against diseases that have an international public health impact. These papers are concerned primarily with the use of vaccines in large-scale immunization programmes; they summarize essential background information on diseases and vaccines, and conclude with WHO's current position on the use of vaccines in the global context. Recommendations on the use of HPV vaccines were discussed by SAGE in October 2016; evidence presented at these meetings can be accessed at: www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2016/october/presentations_background_docs/en/.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Estimating a cost-effectiveness threshold for the Spanish NHS

            The cost of generating a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) within a National Health Service provides an approximation of the average opportunity cost of funding decisions. This information can be used to inform a cost-effectiveness threshold. The aim of this paper is to estimate the cost per QALY at the Spanish National Health Service. We exploit variation across 17 regional health services and the exogenous changes in expenditure that took place as a consequence of the economic crisis over 5 years of data. We conduct fixed effect models and use an instrumental variable approach to test for potential remaining endogeneity. Our results show that health expenditure has a positive and significant effect on population health, with an average spending elasticity of 0.07. This translates into a cost per QALY of between 22,000€ and 25,000€. These values are below the cost-effectiveness threshold figure of 30,000€ commonly cited in Spain.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Challenges in health state valuation in paediatric economic evaluation: are QALYs contraindicated?

              With the growth in the use of health economic evaluation to inform healthcare resource allocation decisions, the challenges in applying standard methods to child health have become apparent. A unique limitation is the paucity of child-specific preference-based measures. A single, valid, preference-based measure of utility that can be used in children of all ages does not exist. Thus, the ability to derive a QALY for use in cost-utility analysis (CUA) is compromised. This paper presents and discusses existing and novel options for deriving utilities for paediatric health states for use in CUAs. While a direct elicitation may be preferred, a child's ability to complete a standard gamble or time trade-off task is hampered by cognitive and age limitations. The abstract notions contained in indirect instruments such as the EQ-5D and Health Utilities Index may also pose challenges for young children. Novel approaches to overcome these challenges include the development of age-appropriate instruments such as the EQ-5D-Y, the development of new child-specific utility instruments such as the Child Health Utility-9D and the re-calibration of existing adult instruments to derive preference weights for health states from children themselves. For children aged <6 years, researchers have little choice but to use a proxy reporter such as parents. While parents may be reliable reporters for physical activity limitations and externally manifest symptoms, their ability to accurately report on subjective outcomes such as emotion is questionable. Catalogues of utility weights for a range of conditions are increasingly becoming available but retain many of the same limitations as valuing health states from children or from proxies. Given the dynamic relationship in quality of life (QOL) between family members when a child is ill, it seems appropriate to consider a 'family perspective' rather than an individual perspective in child health state valuation. In a collective approach, health state utilities derived from multiple family members may be combined mathematically. Alternatively, in a unitary approach, a single utility estimate may be determined to represent the family's perspective. This may include deriving utilities through parent-child dyad estimation or by using a household model that combines the utility weights of the patient and family members, incorporating reciprocal QOL effects. While these various approaches to child health state valuation represent novel research developments, the measurement challenges and threats to validity persist. Given the importance of non-health benefits to child health, especially in the domains of education and public policy, it may be worthwhile to consider an approach that allows incorporation of externalities to produce a cost-benefit analysis. The use of discrete-choice methods to assess willingness to pay for novel child health interventions holds promise as a means to produce meaningful economic evidence. Regardless of the approach taken, the highest degree of methodological rigour is essential. The increasing attention being paid by health economic researchers to the measurement challenges of paediatric health state valuation can only increase the value of child health economic evidence for decision making.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1139-7632
                March 2020
                : 22
                : 85
                : 85-94
                Affiliations
                [1] Las Palmas de Gran Canaria orgnameUniversidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria España
                Article
                S1139-76322020000100021 S1139-7632(20)02208500021
                3ef5914d-3fc3-40e0-acee-a3f6808bdb82

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Colaboraciones Especiales

                Vacunación,Evaluación económica,Análisis coste-efectividad,Vaccines,Vaccination,Economic evaluation,Cost-effectiveness analysis,Vacunas

                Comments

                Comment on this article