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      Interoception in emotional processing: from sensation to psychopathology Translated title: La interocepción en el procesamiento emocional: de la sensación a la psicopatología

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          Abstract

          Abstract The perception of body changes, defined as interoception, is a key element in current research. The present review article aims to characterize the role of interoception in emotional processing. First, we describe the main interoceptive models and their measurement methods. Then, we delimit in a general way the mechanisms of atypical interoception. The results indicate that research in the area has not been systematic, which has led to the widespread practice of extending the definition of interoceptive as “not exteroceptive”. It has also, in a more restricted way, been described as simply a physiological pathway. This has led to the measurement of interoception having certain limitations that must be resolved wherever possible. Finally, it is concluded that atypical interoceptive mechanisms are a common factor related to the symptomatology present in different emotional disorders such as alexithymia, depression, anxiety, and somatic disorders.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen La percepción de los cambios del cuerpo, definido como Interocepción, es un elemento clave dentro de las investigaciones actuales. El presente artículo de revisión, tiene como objetivo caracterizar el rol de la Interocepción en el procesamiento emocional. Primero, describimos los principales modelos interoceptivos y sus métodos de medición. Luego, delimitamos de forma general los mecanismos de la Interocepción atípica. Los resultados indican que la investigación en el área no ha sido sistemática, por tanto, la definición de lo interoceptivo ha sido lo “no” exteroceptivo. También la medición del concepto ha tenido limitaciones que deben ser resueltas en la medida de lo posible. Finalmente, se llegó a la conclusión de que los mecanismos interoceptivos atípicos son un factor común que se relaciona con la sintomatología presente en diferentes trastornos emocionales tales como la alexitimia, depresión, ansiedad y trastornos somáticos.

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          Most cited references60

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          How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body.

          A. Craig (2002)
          As humans, we perceive feelings from our bodies that relate our state of well-being, our energy and stress levels, our mood and disposition. How do we have these feelings? What neural processes do they represent? Recent functional anatomical work has detailed an afferent neural system in primates and in humans that represents all aspects of the physiological condition of the physical body. This system constitutes a representation of 'the material me', and might provide a foundation for subjective feelings, emotion and self-awareness.
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            Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body.

            Converging evidence indicates that primates have a distinct cortical image of homeostatic afferent activity that reflects all aspects of the physiological condition of all tissues of the body. This interoceptive system, associated with autonomic motor control, is distinct from the exteroceptive system (cutaneous mechanoreception and proprioception) that guides somatic motor activity. The primary interoceptive representation in the dorsal posterior insula engenders distinct highly resolved feelings from the body that include pain, temperature, itch, sensual touch, muscular and visceral sensations, vasomotor activity, hunger, thirst, and 'air hunger'. In humans, a meta-representation of the primary interoceptive activity is engendered in the right anterior insula, which seems to provide the basis for the subjective image of the material self as a feeling (sentient) entity, that is, emotional awareness.
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              Interoceptive predictions in the brain.

              Intuition suggests that perception follows sensation and therefore bodily feelings originate in the body. However, recent evidence goes against this logic: interoceptive experience may largely reflect limbic predictions about the expected state of the body that are constrained by ascending visceral sensations. In this Opinion article, we introduce the Embodied Predictive Interoception Coding model, which integrates an anatomical model of corticocortical connections with Bayesian active inference principles, to propose that agranular visceromotor cortices contribute to interoception by issuing interoceptive predictions. We then discuss how disruptions in interoceptive predictions could function as a common vulnerability for mental and physical illness.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pappsicol
                Papeles del Psicólogo
                Pap. Psicol.
                Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Psicólogos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0214-7823
                1886-1415
                August 2023
                : 44
                : 2
                : 102-109
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad del Desarrollo Chile
                Article
                S0214-78232023000200007 S0214-7823(23)04400200007
                10.23923/pap.psicol.3017
                3ef92fa0-b544-40fc-aa15-01cd4f39e5b1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 July 2022
                : 20 December 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 60, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Articles

                Interocepción,Anxiety disorders,Depression,Alexithymia,Psychiatric disorders,Emotions,Interoception,Ansiedad,Depresión,Alexitimia,Trastornos psiquiátricos,Emociones

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