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      Downstream assessment of chlorinated organic compounds in the bed-sediment of Aiba Stream, Iwo, South-Western, Nigeria

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          Abstract

          This study investigated levels and distribution pattern of chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) otherwise known as organochlorine pesticides in sediment samples at downstream of Aiba watercourse in Iwo, South-western Nigeria. Soxhlet extraction method followed by GC–ECD analysis were used to ascertain levels of COCs in the sediment samples collected from four different locations along the stream. Eighteen COCs were detected with trans permethrin and endosulfan sulfate having highest and lowest concentrations of 375.70 ± 689.41 and 0.03 ± 0.05 µg/g, respectively. The varying levels of COCs as obtained in this study were attributed to organochlorine pesticides contamination emanated from different agricultural practices and domestic sewage loads of the study area.

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          Environmental endocrine disruption: an effects assessment and analysis.

          T Crisp, E D Clegg, R. Cooper … (1998)
          This report is an overview of the current state of the science relative to environmental endocrine disruption in humans, laboratory testing, and wildlife species. Background information is presented on the field of endocrinology, the nature of hormones, and potential sites for endocrine disruption, with specific examples of chemicals affecting these sites. An attempt is made to present objectively the issue of endocrine disruption, consider working hypotheses, offer opposing viewpoints, analyze the available information, and provide a reasonable assessment of the problem. Emphasis is placed on disruption of central nervous system--pituitary integration of hormonal and sexual behavioral activity, female and male reproductive system development and function, and thyroid function. In addition, the potential role of environmental endocrine disruption in the induction of breast, testicular, and prostate cancers, as well as endometriosis, is evaluated. The interrelationship of the endocrine and immune system is documented. With respect to endocrine-related ecological effects, specific case examples from the peer-reviewed literature of marine invertebrates and representatives of the five classes of vertebrates are presented and discussed. The report identifies some data gaps in our understanding of the environmental endocrine disruption issue and recommends a few research needs. Finally, the report states the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Policy Council's interim position on endocrine disruption and lists some of the ongoing activities to deal with this matter.
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            Pesticides in U.S. streams and groundwater.

            Robert Gilliom (2007)
            Article 0 comments Cited 47 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Neurotoxicity of pesticides: a brief review.

              Gennaro Giordano, Annabella Vitalone, Marina Guizzetti … (2007)
              Pesticides are substances widely used to control unwanted pests such as insects, weeds, fungi and rodents. Most pesticides are not highly selective, and are also toxic to nontarget species, including humans. A number of pesticides can cause neurotoxicity. Insecticides, which kill insects by targeting their nervous system, have neurotoxic effect in mammals as well. This family of chemicals comprises the organophosphates, the carbamates, the pyrethroids, the organochlorines, and other compounds. Insecticides interfere with chemical neurotransmission or ion channels, and usually cause reversible neurotoxic effects, that could nevertheless be lethal. Some herbicides and fungicides have also been shown to possess neurotoxic properties. The effects of pesticides on the nervous system may be involved in their acute toxicity, as in case of most insecticides, or may contribute to chronic neurodegenerative disorders, most notably Parkinson's disease. This brief review highlights some of the main neurotoxic pesticides, their effects, and mechanisms of action.
              Article 0 comments Cited 45 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Godwin O. Olutona: +2348132406932 , delog2@gmail.com
                Stephen O. Olatunji: snf_olatunji@ymail.com
                Joshua F. Obisanya: phunmieobi@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Springerplus
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Springerplus
                Title: SpringerPlus
                Publisher: Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2193-1801
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 January 2016
                Publication date PMC-release: 22 January 2016
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Volume: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: 67
                Affiliations
                [ ]Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Bowen University, P. M. B. 284, Iwo, Nigeria
                [ ]Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
                [ ]Institute for Entrepreneurship and Development Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1664
                DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1664-0
                PMC ID: 4723371
                PubMed ID: 26839760
                SO-VID: 3ef9814d-adbf-48bd-b366-eb19f79169a0
                Copyright © © Olutona et al. 2016
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                Date received : 30 October 2015
                Date accepted : 4 January 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2016

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: organochlorine pesticides,sediment,stream,contamination
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: organochlorine pesticides, sediment, stream, contamination

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