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      Late Tricuspid Regurgitation after Left-Sided Surgery in the Spotlight: Can We Really Assess the Matter?

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      * , ,
      Cardiology
      S. Karger AG
      Surgery, Tricuspid regurgitation

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          Secondary tricuspid regurgitation or dilatation: which should be the criteria for surgical repair?

          Secondary tricuspid dilatation may or not be accompanied by tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Tricuspid dilatation can be objectively measured whereas TR can vary according to the preload, afterload, and right ventricular function. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine whether surgical repair of the tricuspid valve based on tricuspid dilatation rather than TR could lead to potential benefits. Between 1989 and 2001, 311 patients underwent mitral valve repair (MVR). The tricuspid valve was examined in each patient. Tricuspid annuloplasty was performed only if the tricuspid annular diameter was greater than twice the normal size (> or = 70 mm) regardless of the grade of regurgitation. Patients in group 1 (163 patients; 52.4%) received MVR alone. Patients in group 2 (148 patients; 47.6%) received MVR plus tricuspid annuloplasty. Although not significant there was a difference with regard to hospital mortality (group 1 = 1.8%, group 2 = 0.7%) and actuarial survival rate (Kaplan-Meier: group 1 = 97.3%, 96.2%, and 85.5%; group 2 = 98.5%, 98.5%, and 90.3% at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively). The New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class was significantly improved in group 2 (group 1 = 1.59 +/- 0.84; group 2 = 1.11 +/- 0.31; p1). TR increased by more than two grades in 48% of the patients in group 1 and in only 2% of the patients in group 2 (p < 0.001). Remodeling annuloplasty of the tricuspid valve based on tricuspid dilation improves functional status irrespective of the grade of regurgitation. Considerable tricuspid dilatation can be present even in the absence of substantial TR. Tricuspid dilatation is an ongoing disease process that will, with time, lead to severe TR.
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            Conservative management of tricuspid regurgitation in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement.

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              Tricuspid regurgitation after successful mitral valve surgery.

              The tricuspid valve (TV) is inseparably connected with the mitral valve (MV) in terms of function. Any pathophysiological condition concerning the MV is potentially a threat for the normal function of the TV as well. One of the most challenging cases is functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after surgical MV correction. In the past, TR was considered to progressively revert with time after left-sided valve restoration. Nevertheless, more recent studies showed that TR could develop and evolve postoperatively over time, as well as being closely associated with a poorer prognosis in terms of morbidity and mortality. Pressure and volume overload are usually the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms; structural alterations, like tricuspid annulus dilatation, increased leaflet tethering and right ventricular remodelling are almost always present when regurgitation develops. The most important risk factors associated with a higher probability of late TR development involve the elderly, female gender, larger left atrial size, atrial fibrillation, right chamber dilatation, higher pulmonary artery systolic pressures, longer times from the onset of MV disease to surgery, history of rheumatic heart disease, ischaemic heart disease and prosthetic valve malfunction. The time of TR manifestation can be up to 10 years or more after an MV surgery. Echocardiography, including the novel 3D Echo techniques, is crucial in the early diagnosis and prognosis of future TV disease development. Appropriate surgical technique and timing still need to be clarified.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                CRD
                Cardiology
                10.1159/issn.0008-6312
                Cardiology
                S. Karger AG
                0008-6312
                1421-9751
                2014
                November 2014
                14 November 2014
                : 129
                : 4
                : 240-241
                Affiliations
                1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
                Author notes
                *Constantina Aggeli, MD, FESC, 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, Vas Sophias, GR-11524 Athens (Greece), E-Mail dina.aggeli@gmail.com
                Article
                368891 Cardiology 2014;129:240-241
                10.1159/000368891
                25402473
                3f04a675-5ab3-42df-8bba-76178af80b78
                © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 18 September 2014
                : 03 October 2014
                Page count
                Pages: 2
                Categories
                Editorial Comment

                General medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Internal medicine,Nephrology
                Surgery,Tricuspid regurgitation

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