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      Antimicrobial Actions of Reactive Oxygen Species

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      Author(s):  
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: mBio
      Publisher: American Society of Microbiology

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          ABSTRACT

          Everything should be as simple as it can be, but not simpler.

          —Attributed to Albert Einstein ( 1)

          Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by host phagocytes and exert antimicrobial actions against a broad range of pathogens. The observable antimicrobial actions of ROS are highly dependent on experimental conditions. This perspective reviews recent controversies regarding ROS in Salmonella-phagocyte interactions and attempts to reconcile conflicting observations from different laboratories.

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          Most cited references79

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          LXXIII.—Oxidation of tartaric acid in presence of iron

          H. J. H. Fenton (1894)
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            FACS-optimized mutants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP).

            B Cormack, R. Valdivia, S Falkow (1996)
            We have constructed a library in Escherichia coli of mutant gfp genes (encoding green fluorescent protein, GFP) expressed from a tightly regulated inducible promoter. We introduced random amino acid (aa) substitutions in the twenty aa flanking the chromophore Ser-Tyr-Gly sequence at aa 65-67. We then used fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to select variants of GFP that fluoresce between 20-and 35-fold more intensely than wild type (wt), when excited at 488 nm. Sequence analysis reveals three classes of aa substitutions in GFP. All three classes of mutant proteins have highly shifted excitation maxima. In addition, when produced in E. coli, the folding of the mutant proteins is more efficient than folding of wt GFP. These two properties contribute to a greatly increased (100-fold) fluorescence intensity, making the mutants useful for a number of applications.
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              Chronic granulomatous disease. Report on a national registry of 368 patients.

              J A Winkelstein, M C Marino, R Johnston … (2000)
              A registry of United States residents with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) was established in 1993 in order to estimate the minimum incidence of this uncommon primary immunodeficiency disease and characterize its epidemiologic and clinical features. To date, 368 patients have been registered; 259 have the X-linked recessive form of CGD, 81 have 1 of the autosomal recessive forms, and in 28 the mode of inheritance is unknown. The minimum estimate of birth rate is between 1/200,000 and 1/250,000 live births for the period 1980-1989. Pneumonia was the most prevalent infection (79% of patients; Aspergillus most prevalent cause), followed by suppurative adenitis (53% of patients; Staphylococcus most prevalent cause), subcutaneous abscess (42% of patients; Staphylococcus most prevalent cause), liver abscess (27% of patients; Staphylococcus most prevalent cause), osteomyelitis (25% of patients; Serratia most prevalent cause), and sepsis (18% of patients; Salmonella most prevalent cause). Fifteen percent of patients had gastric outlet obstruction, 10% urinary tract obstruction, and 17% colitis/enteritis. Ten percent of X-linked recessive kindreds and 3% of autosomal recessive kindreds had family members with lupus. Eighteen percent of patients either were deceased when registered or died after being registered. The most common causes of death were pneumonia and/or sepsis due to Aspergillus (23 patients) or Burkholderia cepacia (12 patients). Patients with the X-linked recessive form of the disease appear to have a more serious clinical phenotype than patients with the autosomal recessive forms of the disease, based on the fact that they are diagnosed significantly earlier (mean, 3.01 years of age versus 7.81 years of age, respectively), have a significantly higher prevalence of perirectal abscess (17% versus 7%), suppurative adenitis (59% versus 32%), bacteremia/fungemia (21% versus 10%), gastric obstruction (19% versus 5%), and urinary tract obstruction (11% versus 3%), and a higher mortality (21.2% versus 8.6%).
              Article 0 comments Cited 291 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): mBio
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): MBio
                Journal ID (hwp): mbio
                Journal ID (pmc): mbio
                Journal ID (publisher-id): mBio
                Title: mBio
                Publisher: American Society of Microbiology (1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2150-7511
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 September 2011
                Publication date Collection: Sep-Oct 2011
                Volume: 2
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: e00141-11
                Affiliations
                [1]Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
                Author notes
                Address correspondence to Ferric C. Fang, fcfang@ 123456u.washington.edu .
                Article
                Publisher ID: mBio00141-11
                DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00141-11
                PMC ID: 3171981
                PubMed ID: 21896680
                SO-VID: 3f1631b3-61dc-46d7-a978-2e8f060e340c
                Copyright © Copyright © 2011 Fang
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Page count
                Pages: 6
                Categories
                Subject: Perspective
                Custom metadata
                cover-date September/October 2011

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences

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