The Role of Growth Hormone in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Commitment

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Growth hormone (GH) is best known for its prominent role in promoting prepubertal growth and in regulating body composition and metabolism during adulthood. In recent years, the possible role of GH in the modulation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) commitment has gained interest. MSCs, characterized by active self-renewal and differentiation potential, express GH receptors. In MSCs derived from different adult tissues, GH induces an inhibition of adipogenic differentiation and favors MSC differentiation towards osteogenesis. This activity of GH indicates that regulation of body composition by GH has already started in the tissue progenitor cells. These findings have fostered research on possible uses of MSCs treated with GH in those pathologies, where a lack of or delays in bone repair occur. After an overview of GH activities, this review will focus on the research that has characterized GH’s effects on MSCs and on preliminary studies on the possible application of GH in bone regenerative medicine.

Related collections

Most cited references 77

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

The control of human mesenchymal cell differentiation using nanoscale symmetry and disorder.

Matthew J. Dalby, Nikolaj Gadegaard, Rahul S Tare … (2007)

A key tenet of bone tissue engineering is the development of scaffold materials that can stimulate stem cell differentiation in the absence of chemical treatment to become osteoblasts without compromising material properties. At present, conventional implant materials fail owing to encapsulation by soft tissue, rather than direct bone bonding. Here, we demonstrate the use of nanoscale disorder to stimulate human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to produce bone mineral in vitro, in the absence of osteogenic supplements. This approach has similar efficiency to that of cells cultured with osteogenic media. In addition, the current studies show that topographically treated MSCs have a distinct differentiation profile compared with those treated with osteogenic media, which has implications for cell therapies.

0 comments Cited 531 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Concise review: the surface markers and identity of human mesenchymal stem cells.

Feng-Juan Lv, Rocky S Tuan, Kenneth M. C. Cheung … (2014)

The concept of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is becoming increasingly obscure due to the recent findings of heterogeneous populations with different levels of stemness within MSCs isolated by traditional plastic adherence. MSCs were originally identified in bone marrow and later detected in many other tissues. Currently, no cloning based on single surface marker is capable of isolating cells that satisfy the minimal criteria of MSCs from various tissue environments. Markers that associate with the stemness of MSCs await to be elucidated. A number of candidate MSC surface markers or markers possibly related to their stemness have been brought forward so far, including Stro-1, SSEA-4, CD271, and CD146, yet there is a large difference in their expression in various sources of MSCs. The exact identity of MSCs in vivo is not yet clear, although reports have suggested they may have a fibroblastic or pericytic origin. In this review, we revisit the reported expression of surface molecules in MSCs from various sources, aiming to assess their potential as MSC markers and define the critical panel for future investigation. We also discuss the relationship of MSCs to fibroblasts and pericytes in an attempt to shed light on their identity in vivo. © 2014 AlphaMed Press.

0 comments Cited 416 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Effects of growth hormone on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in human subjects.

Niels Frimodt Møller, Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen (2009)

In evolutionary terms, GH and intracellular STAT 5 signaling is a very old regulatory system. Whereas insulin dominates periprandially, GH may be viewed as the primary anabolic hormone during stress and fasting. GH exerts anabolic effects directly and through stimulation of IGF-I, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFA). When subjects are well nourished, the GH-induced stimulation of IGF-I and insulin is important for anabolic storage and growth of lean body mass (LBM), adipose tissue, and glycogen reserves. During fasting and other catabolic states, GH predominantly stimulates the release and oxidation of FFA, which leads to decreased glucose and protein oxidation and preservation of LBM and glycogen stores. The most prominent metabolic effect of GH is a marked increase in lipolysis and FFA levels. In the basal state, the effects of GH on protein metabolism are modest and include increased protein synthesis and decreased breakdown at the whole body level and in muscle together with decreased amino acid degradation/oxidation and decreased hepatic urea formation. During fasting and stress, the effects of GH on protein metabolism become more pronounced; lack of GH during fasting increases protein loss and urea production rates by approximately 50%, with a similar increase in muscle protein breakdown. GH is a counterregulatory hormone that antagonizes the hepatic and peripheral effects of insulin on glucose metabolism via mechanisms involving the concomitant increase in FFA flux and uptake. This ability of GH to induce insulin resistance is significant for the defense against hypoglycemia, for the development of "stress" diabetes during fasting and inflammatory illness, and perhaps for the "Dawn" phenomenon (the increase in insulin requirements in the early morning hours). Adult patients with GH deficiency are insulin resistant-probably related to increased adiposity, reduced LBM, and impaired physical performance-which temporarily worsens when GH treatment is initiated. Conversely, despite increased LBM and decreased fat mass, patients with acromegaly are consistently insulin resistant and become more sensitive after appropriate treatment.

0 comments Cited 259 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms

Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067

Publication date (Electronic): 23 October 2019

Publication date Collection: November 2019

Volume: 20

Issue: 21

Electronic Location Identifier: 5264

Affiliations

[1 ]Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics & Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; bolamperti.simona@ 123456hsr.it (S.B.); rubinacci.alessandro@ 123456hsr.it (A.R.)

[2 ]Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy; francesca.guidobono@ 123456unimi.it

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: villa.isabella@ 123456hsr.it ; Tel.: +39-022-643-2320

Author information

Simona Bolamperti https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8940-8859

Alessandro Rubinacci https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1736-0531

Isabella Villa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3732-4725

Article

Publisher ID: ijms-20-05264

DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215264

PMC ID: 6862273

PubMed ID: 31652811

SO-VID: 3f98a3dd-ea93-4d40-84d1-f9c8759ebfbe

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

The Role of Growth Hormone in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Commitment

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

Entomologia Generalis

Most cited references 77

The control of human mesenchymal cell differentiation using nanoscale symmetry and disorder.

Concise review: the surface markers and identity of human mesenchymal stem cells.

Effects of growth hormone on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in human subjects.

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Author information

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 541

Cited by 3

Most referenced authors 1,592