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      Pathologic Characteristics of Pregnancy-Related Meningiomas

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          Abstract

          Simple Summary

          Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults. Meningiomas are usually benign and slow growing. Treatment is surgical resection in the case of symptomatic growth. Dramatic growth can occur during pregnancy, complicating clinical management and entailing a risk to the well-being of the mother and fetus. Authors of a previous review paper raised the hypothesis that prolactin may be a key contributor to the sudden growth seen in pregnancy-related meningiomas. We set out to investigate the presence of prolactin receptors/prolactin, as well as other female hormones and histopathological characteristics of pregnancy-related meningiomas in Denmark, compared to meningiomas from female controls within the same age group. No differences in hormone receptor distribution were found between the groups and very few meningiomas expressed prolactin receptors, which contradicts the above-mentioned hypothesis. Interestingly, we observed above cut-point proliferative indices of the meningiomas for the entire study population of females in the reproductive age.

          Abstract

          Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumor. During pregnancy, explosive growth of a known meningioma occasionally occurs, but the underlying reasons remain unknown. Prolactin has been suggested as a possible key contributor to pregnancy-related meningioma growth. This study sets out to investigate prolactin and prolactin receptor status in 29 patients with pregnancy-related meningiomas in Denmark, from January 1972 to December 2016, as compared to 68 controls aged 20–45 years, also undergoing resection of a meningioma. Furthermore, we investigated potential differences in the progesterone and estrogen receptor statuses, WHO grade, Ki-67 labeling indices, and locations of the resected meningiomas between the cases and controls. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed, and histopathology and intracranial location were assessed with the investigator blinded for the case–control status. None of the samples stained positive for prolactin and very few samples stained positive for prolactin receptors, equally distributed among cases and controls. Estrogen and progesterone receptors generally followed the same distributional pattern between groups, whereas above cut-point Ki-67 labeling indices for both groups were observed. In conclusion, our results did not support the notion of prolactin as a key contributor to pregnancy-related meningioma growth. Rather, the similarities between the cases and controls suggest that meningiomas early in life may comprise a distinct biological entity.

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          Most cited references48

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          The Danish Civil Registration System.

          The Danish Civil Registration System (CRS) was established in 1968, and all persons alive and living in Denmark were registered for administrative use. CRS includes individual information on the unique personal identification number, name, gender, date of birth, place of birth, citizenship, identity of parents and continuously updated information on vital status, place of residence and spouses. Since 1968, CRS has recorded current and historical information on all persons living in Denmark. Among persons born in Denmark in 1960 or later it contains complete information on maternal identity. For women born in Denmark in April 1935 or later it contains complete information on all their children. CRS contains complete information on immigrations and emigrations from 1969 onwards, permanent residence in a Danish municipality from 1971 onwards, and full address in Denmark from 1977 onwards. CRS in connection with other registers and biobanks will continue to provide the basis for significant knowledge relevant to the aetiological understanding and possible prevention of human diseases.
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            The Danish National Patient Register.

            The Danish National Patient Register (NPR) was established in 1977, and it is considered to be the finest of its kind internationally. At the onset the register included information on inpatient in somatic wards. The content of the register has gradually been expanded, and since 2007 the register has included information on all patients in Danish hospitals. Although the NPR is overall a sound data source, both the content and the definitions of single variables have changed over time. Changes in the organisation and provision of health services may affect both the type and the completeness of registrations. The NPR is a unique data source. Researchers using the data should carefully consider potential fallacies in the data before drawing conclusions.
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              American Society of Clinical Oncology/College Of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer.

              To develop a guideline to improve the accuracy of immunohistochemical (IHC) estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) testing in breast cancer and the utility of these receptors as predictive markers. The American Society of Clinical Oncology and the College of American Pathologists convened an international Expert Panel that conducted a systematic review and evaluation of the literature in partnership with Cancer Care Ontario and developed recommendations for optimal IHC ER/PgR testing performance. Up to 20% of current IHC determinations of ER and PgR testing worldwide may be inaccurate (false negative or false positive). Most of the issues with testing have occurred because of variation in preanalytic variables, thresholds for positivity, and interpretation criteria. The Panel recommends that ER and PgR status be determined on all invasive breast cancers and breast cancer recurrences. A testing algorithm that relies on accurate, reproducible assay performance is proposed. Elements to reliably reduce assay variation are specified. It is recommended that ER and PgR assays be considered positive if there are at least 1% positive tumor nuclei in the sample on testing in the presence of expected reactivity of internal (normal epithelial elements) and external controls. The absence of benefit from endocrine therapy for women with ER-negative invasive breast cancers has been confirmed in large overviews of randomized clinical trials.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Cancers (Basel)
                Cancers (Basel)
                cancers
                Cancers
                MDPI
                2072-6694
                01 August 2021
                August 2021
                : 13
                : 15
                : 3879
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; lvfg@ 123456ssi.dk (L.G.); jvha@ 123456ssi.dk (J.V.H.)
                [2 ]Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; emma.lauridsen@ 123456regionh.dk (E.K.L.); andrea.maier@ 123456regionh.dk (A.D.M.); kaare.fugleholm.buch@ 123456regionh.dk (K.F.)
                [3 ]Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; helle.broholm@ 123456regionh.dk (H.B.); david.scheie@ 123456regionh.dk (D.S.)
                [4 ]Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
                Author notes
                [†]

                Shared first-authorship.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-0636
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8692-1198
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5938-000X
                Article
                cancers-13-03879
                10.3390/cancers13153879
                8345640
                34359779
                3faeca64-6794-436d-9776-e55a31a02703
                © 2021 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 24 June 2021
                : 29 July 2021
                Categories
                Article

                meningioma,pregnancy-related meningioma,prolactin receptor,progesterone receptor,estrogen receptor,ki-67

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