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      Feminismo frente a fundamentalismos religiosos: mobilização e contramobilização em torno dos direitos reprodutivos na América Latina Translated title: Feminism in the face of religious fundamentalisms: mobilization and counter-mobilization in the field of reproductive rights in Latin America

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          Abstract

          Este trabalho analisa estratégias e marcos discursivos desenvolvidos recentemente pelo feminismo na América Latina para enfrentar a ação desenrolada pelo fundamentalismo religioso no campo dos direitos reprodutivos na América Latina, e em particular em torno da controvérsia sobre o aborto. A partir dos casos de México, Colômbia e Brasil, se apontam características e estratégias da mobilização conservadora na região e se analisam as respostas dadas pelo movimento feminista em cada país para disputar o avanço dessas forças na esfera pública, com ênfase no desenvolvimento de argumentos bioéticos, de um discurso alternativo inserido no campo religioso, e de estratégias gradualistas e de litígio estratégico no âmbito nacional e internacional. A interação entre feminismo e fundamentalismo é analisada como uma dinâmica entre movimento e contramovimento, com base na teoria dos movimentos sociais.

          Translated abstract

          The article analyzes strategies and discursive frameworks recently developed by feminist organizations in Latin America in order to counter the action of religious fundamentalism in the field of reproductive rights in Latin America - particularly regarding the abortion controversy. Based on cases from Mexico, Colombia and Brazil, the article addresses characteristics and strategies of conservative mobilization in the region and analyzes the feminist movement's responses in each country in order to dispute the advancement of those forces in the public sphere, with emphasis on bioethical arguments, on an alternative discourse developed within the religious field, as well as on gradualist tactics and strategic litigation in the national and international fields. Interaction between feminism and fundamentalism is analyzed as a dynamics between movement and counter-movement, based on social movement theory.

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          Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970

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            Induced abortion: estimated rates and trends worldwide.

            Information on incidence of induced abortion is crucial for identifying policy and programmatic needs aimed at reducing unintended pregnancy. Because unsafe abortion is a cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, measures of its incidence are also important for monitoring progress towards Millennium Development Goal 5. We present new worldwide estimates of abortion rates and trends and discuss their implications for policies and programmes to reduce unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion and to increase access to safe abortion. The worldwide and regional incidences of safe abortions in 2003 were calculated by use of reports from official national reporting systems, nationally representative surveys, and published studies. Unsafe abortion rates in 2003 were estimated from hospital data, surveys, and other published studies. Demographic techniques were applied to estimate numbers of abortions and to calculate rates and ratios for 2003. UN estimates of female populations and livebirths were the source for denominators for rates and ratios, respectively. Regions are defined according to UN classifications. Trends in abortion rates and incidences between 1995 and 2003 are presented. An estimated 42 million abortions were induced in 2003, compared with 46 million in 1995. The induced abortion rate in 2003 was 29 per 1000 women aged 15-44 years, down from 35 in 1995. Abortion rates were lowest in western Europe (12 per 1000 women). Rates were 17 per 1000 women in northern Europe, 18 per 1000 women in southern Europe, and 21 per 1000 women in northern America (USA and Canada). In 2003, 48% of all abortions worldwide were unsafe, and more than 97% of all unsafe abortions were in developing countries. There were 31 abortions for every 100 livebirths worldwide in 2003, and this ratio was highest in eastern Europe (105 for every 100 livebirths). Overall abortion rates are similar in the developing and developed world, but unsafe abortion is concentrated in developing countries. Ensuring that the need for contraception is met and that all abortions are safe will reduce maternal mortality substantially and protect maternal health.
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              Reactive politicization and religious dissidence: The political mutations of the religious

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbcpol
                Revista Brasileira de Ciência Política
                Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Polít.
                Universidade de Brasília. Instituto de Ciência Política (Brasília )
                2178-4884
                August 2014
                : 0
                : 14
                : 111-138
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Universitario Europeo Italy
                Article
                S0103-33522014000200111
                10.1590/0103-335220141405
                3feabb2a-d746-4ab8-bd86-2c5a18a4bc10

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-3352&lng=en
                Categories
                POLITICAL SCIENCE

                Political science
                feminism,fundamentalism,legal mobilization,reproductive rights,counter-mobilization,feminismo,fundamentalismo,mobilização legal,direitos reprodutivos,contramobilização

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