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      Efectividad de una intervención educativa con prescripción enfermera para el control del fósforo en pacientes en hemodiálisis Translated title: Effectiveness of a nurse-prescribed educational intervention for phosphorus control in hemodialysis patients

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          Abstract

          Introducción: El control del fósforo en pacientes en hemodiálisis es muy importante para la prevención de complicaciones. Objetivo principal: Evaluar los niveles de fósforo en sangre antes, durante y después de las intervenciones médica y enfermera-médica. Material y Método: Estudio cuantitativo, analítico, cuasi experimental, longitudinal y prospectivo en una población de pacientes en hemodiálisis hospitalaria. El estudio tuvo una duración de 18 meses donde enfermeras y médicos en diferentes meses controlaron la prescripción de los quelantes del fósforo. Se recogieron datos de los resultados analíticos y se reforzó la pauta dietética por parte de las enfermeras. Se administró el test de Morisky Green para valorar la adherencia al tratamiento, así como un "check list" para valorar los efectos secundarios de los quelantes. Resultados: Se estudiaron 19 pacientes. Los niveles de fósforo (mediana; rango intercuartílico) en los distintos periodos fueron de: (4,8; 1,3) mg/dl en el periodo previo, (4,5; 1,9) mg/dl en el periodo médico y (4,5; 0,9 mg/dl) en el periodo enfermera-médico. Se compararon los resultados entre los diferentes periodos y no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los niveles de fósforo. Tampoco se observaron diferencias en dichos niveles al separar los pacientes cumplidores de los no cumplidores. Conclusiones: Aunque los resultados no fueron estadísticamente diferentes, se observó una disminución del fósforo con el refuerzo de dieta continuo por parte de las enfermeras. Por lo que se concluye que las enfermeras, junto con el apoyo médico, podrían implicarse en la prescripción y el control de fósforo mensual de los pacientes de la Unidad.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Phosphorus control in hemodialysis patients is very important for the prevention of complications. Objective: To assess blood phosphorus levels before, during and after medical and nurse-medical interventions. Material and Method: Quasi-experimental, analytical, longitudinal and prospective study in a population of hospital hemodialysis patients. The study lasted 18 months in which nurses and doctors monitored the prescription of phosphorus chelators during different months. Data on analytical results were collected and dietary guidelines were reinforced by the nurses. The Morisky Green test was administered to assess adherence to treatment, as well as a checklist to assess the side effects of the chelators. Results: A total of 19 patients were studied. The phosphorus levels (median; interquartile range) were: (4.8; 1.3) mg/dl in the previous period, (4.5; 1.9) mg/dl in the physician period and (4.5; 0.9 mg/dl) in the nurse-physician period. The results were compared between the different periods and no statistically significant differences were observed between the phosphorus levels. Nor were differences in these levels observed when separating compliant and non-compliant patients. Conclusions: Although no significant differences were found, a decrease in phosphorus was observed with continuous dietary reinforcement by nurses. It is therefore concluded that nurses, together with medical support, could be involved in the monthly phosphorus prescription and control of the unit’s patients.

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          Most cited references16

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          K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease.

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            Etiology and prognostic significance of severe uremic pruritus in chronic hemodialysis patients.

            Although uremia is well known as the most common cause of pruritus, the mechanisms of pruritus in chronic hemodialysis patients remain unclear. The purpose was to characterize uremic pruritus in more detail and to investigate whether severe pruritus is a marker for poor prognosis. A total of 1773 adult hemodialysis patients were studied. A questionnaire was given to each patient to assess the intensity and frequency, as well as pruritus-related sleep disturbance. We analyzed the relationship between clinical and laboratory data and the severity of pruritus in hemodialysis patients and followed them for 24 months prospectively. In total, 453 patients had severe pruritus with a visual analogue scale (VAS) score more than or equal to 7.0. Among them, more than 70% complained of sleep disturbance, whereas the majority of patients with a VAS score of less than 7.0 had no sleep disturbance. Male gender, high levels of blood urea nitrogen, beta2-microglobulin (beta2MG), hypercalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia were identified as independent risk factors for the development of severe pruritus, whereas a low level of calcium and intact-parathyroid hormone were associated with reduced risk. During the follow-up, 171 (9.64%) patients died. The prognosis of patients with severe pruritus was significantly worse than the others. Moreover, severe pruritus was independently associated with death even after adjusting for other clinical factors including diabetes mellitus, age, beta2MG, and albumin. Severe uremic pruritus caused by multiple factors, not only affects the quality of life but may also be associated with poor outcome in chronic hemodialysis patients.
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              Adherence to treatment, emotional state and quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis.

              A low rate of adherence to treatment is a widespread problem of great clinical relevance among dialysis patients. The objective of the present study is to determine the relationship between adherence, emotional state (depression, anxiety, and perceived stress), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in renal patients undergoing dialysis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                enefro
                Enfermería Nefrológica
                Enferm Nefrol
                Sociedad Española de Enfermería Nefrológica (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                2254-2884
                2255-3517
                September 2021
                : 24
                : 3
                : 304-312
                Affiliations
                [1] Girona orgnameHospital de Figueres orgdiv1Servicio de Nefrología orgdiv2Fundació Salut Empordà España
                Article
                S2254-28842021000300304 S2254-2884(21)02400300304
                10.37551/s2254-28842021027
                3fff78de-3796-4079-9808-d8b0f2ed5c44

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 July 2021
                : 25 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 9
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                serum phosphorus,cumplimiento de la medicación,enfermera,dieta,hemodiálisis,fósforo sérico,medication adherence,nurses,diet,dialysis

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