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      The effect of maternal obesity on initiation and duration of breast-feeding in Greece: the GENESIS study.

      Public Health Nutrition
      Adult, Birth Weight, Body Mass Index, Breast Feeding, epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Female, Gestational Age, Greece, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Logistic Models, Maternal Welfare, statistics & numerical data, Obesity, Parity, Pregnancy, Smoking, Time Factors, Weight Gain

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          Abstract

          The current paper aims to describe the characteristics of mothers failing to initiate breast-feeding, provide information on the factors contributing to longer duration of breast-feeding and identify the association of maternal obesity with both initiation and duration of breast-feeding in the Greek population. Data from the cross-sectional GENESIS (Growth, Exercise and Nutrition Epidemiological Study In preSchoolers) study were used. Mothers were categorized by their pre-pregnancy BMI and their gestational weight gain according to guidelines from the Institute of Medicine. Preschool children aged 1-5 years in five counties in Greece. Preschoolers (n 2374) with full maternal anthropometric data before and during pregnancy and breast-feeding data. A higher percentage of mothers with increased pre-pregnancy BMI or high gestational weight gain failed to initiate breast-feeding compared with their normal-weight counterparts. Obese mothers were 2.86 times more likely to fail in initiating breast-feeding in a multiple logistic regression model. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that among women initiating breast-feeding, those who were either underweight before pregnancy or smoked at the third trimester of pregnancy breast-fed their children for about 1.5 weeks less than their normal-weight or non-smoking counterparts, respectively. Similarly, multiparous women breast-fed their children for about 7 weeks less than uniparous women. In women who initiated breast-feeding, no significant differences in breast-feeding duration were found between women of different gestational weight gains. Mothers with high pre-pregnancy BMI are less likely to initiate breast-feeding while high gestational weight gain has no effect on either the initiation or duration of breast-feeding in Greece.

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