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      Resilience of athletes: a systematic review based on a citation network analysis Translated title: Resiliência de atletas: uma revisão sistemática com base na análise da rede de citação Translated title: Resiliencia de los atletas: una revisión sistemática basada en un análisis de redes de citas

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The aims of the study are to understand indicators and the scope of theoretical models adopted to describe athletes' resilience, as well as to analyze their impact on investigations about this resilience. A search for original academic publications within a 10-year period was conducted in the PubMed / Medline, Web of Science, Taylor and Francis, Lilacs, Scopus, Human Kinects, and Science Direct databases. Articles were analyzed based on their methodological characteristics and citation network analysis. In total, 47 articles were identified, the most referenced of which was Fletcher and Sarkar (2012), followed by Galli and Vealey (2008). The Grounded Theory of Psychological Resilience and Optimal Sport Performance by Fletcher and Sarkar (2012) seems to best encompass the basic theoretical elementary aspects to better understand athletes' resilience. In conclusion, the sport resilience is an on-going dynamic process based on psychological individual characteristics and interactions the athlete with the environment.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Os objetivos do estudo são buscar os indicadores e o escopo dos modelos teóricos adotados para descrever a resiliência dos atletas e analisar o impacto nas investigações sobre resiliência. Publicações acadêmicas originais foram buscadas dentro de um período de 10 anos nas bases de dados PubMed / Medline, Web of Science, Taylor e Francis, Lilacs, Scopus, Human Kinects e Science Direct. Os artigos foram analisados com base em suas características metodológicas e análise da rede de citações. No total, foram identificados 47 artigos, dos quais os mais referenciados foram Fletcher e Sarkar (2012) e Galli e Vealey (2008). A Teoria Fundamentada da Resiliência Psicológica e do Desempenho Esportivo Ideal, Fletcher e Sarkar (2012) parece melhor abranger os aspectos elementares teóricos básicos para entender a resiliência esportiva. Concluindo, a resiliência esportiva é um processo dinâmico contínuo, baseado nas características psicológicas individuais e nas interações do atleta com o meio ambiente.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Los objetivos del estudio son buscar los indicadores y el alcance de los modelos teóricos adoptados para describir la resiliencia de los atletas y analizar el impacto en las investigaciones sobre la resiliencia. Se realizaron búsquedas en publicaciones académicas originales durante un período de 10 años en las bases de datos PubMed / Medline, Web of Science, Taylor and Francis, Lilacs, Scopus, Human Kinects y Science Direct. Los artículos fueron analizados en función de sus características metodológicas y análisis de la red de citas. En total, se identificaron 47 artículos, de los cuales los más mencionados fueron Fletcher y Sarkar (2012) y Galli y Vealey (2008). La teoría fundamentada de la resistencia psicológica y el rendimiento deportivo ideal, Fletcher y Sarkar (2012) parece cubrir mejor los aspectos elementales teóricos básicos para comprender la resistencia deportiva. En conclusión, la resiliencia deportiva es un proceso dinámico continuo, basado en las características psicológicas individuales y las interacciones del atleta con el medio ambiente.

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          Most cited references83

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          Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).

          Resilience may be viewed as a measure of stress coping ability and, as such, could be an important target of treatment in anxiety, depression, and stress reactions. We describe a new rating scale to assess resilience. The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) comprises of 25 items, each rated on a 5-point scale (0-4), with higher scores reflecting greater resilience. The scale was administered to subjects in the following groups: community sample, primary care outpatients, general psychiatric outpatients, clinical trial of generalized anxiety disorder, and two clinical trials of PTSD. The reliability, validity, and factor analytic structure of the scale were evaluated, and reference scores for study samples were calculated. Sensitivity to treatment effects was examined in subjects from the PTSD clinical trials. The scale demonstrated good psychometric properties and factor analysis yielded five factors. A repeated measures ANOVA showed that an increase in CD-RISC score was associated with greater improvement during treatment. Improvement in CD-RISC score was noted in proportion to overall clinical global improvement, with greatest increase noted in subjects with the highest global improvement and deterioration in CD-RISC score in those with minimal or no global improvement. The CD-RISC has sound psychometric properties and distinguishes between those with greater and lesser resilience. The scale demonstrates that resilience is modifiable and can improve with treatment, with greater improvement corresponding to higher levels of global improvement. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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            Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms.

            The concept of mechanisms that protect people against the psychological risks associated with adversity is discussed in relation to four main processes: reduction of risk impact, reduction of negative chain reactions, establishment and maintenance of self-esteem and self-efficacy, and opening up of opportunities. The mechanisms operating at key turning points in people's lives must be given special attention.
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              The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma.

              The development of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, an instrument for assessing positive outcomes reported by persons who have experienced traumatic events, is described. This 21-item scale includes factors of New Possibilities, Relating to Others, Personal Strength, Spiritual Change, and Appreciation of Life. Women tend to report more benefits than do men, and persons who have experienced traumatic events report more positive change than do persons who have not experienced extraordinary events. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory is modestly related to optimism and extraversion. The scale appears to have utility in determining how successful individuals, coping with the aftermath of trauma, are in reconstructing or strengthening their perceptions of self, others, and the meaning of events.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpd
                Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
                CPD
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain )
                1578-8423
                1989-5879
                December 2020
                : 20
                : 3
                : 26-40
                Affiliations
                [3] Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [2] orgnameUniversidade Católica de Brasília Brazil
                [1] Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade do Estado de Minas Gerais Brazil
                Article
                S1578-84232020000300003 S1578-8423(20)02000300003
                10.6018/cpd.391581
                4054336e-4b2e-448c-9e4b-8e77fa116115

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 July 2019
                : 20 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 83, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Psychological training,Psychological wellbeing,Mental health,adaptación positiva,Resilient characteristics,Bem-estar psicológico,Positive adaptation,Adaptação positiva,Características resilientes,bienestar psicológico,entrenamiento psicológico,salud mental,Saúde mental,Treinamento psicológico

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