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      Considerações sobre o tratamento das mastites Translated title: Considerations on the treatment of mastitis

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          Abstract

          RESUMO: A mastite é considerada o maior problema dos animais destinados à produção de leite. Altera a sua composição e aumenta a contagem de células somáticas (CCS). Os micro-organismos envolvidos na doença podem ser origem infecciosa, como Staphylococcus aureus, ou ambiental, tal como Escherichia coli. A cultura bacteriana é uma ferramenta de diagnóstico e auxilia na detecção do patógeno causador da mastite. No entanto, fatores como fagocitose podem desencadear um resultado negativo. Quando estabelecido um programa de controle de mastite, o diagnóstico precoce e o início do tratamento adequado dos casos clínicos são fundamentais para se atingir os objetivos e seu sucesso, está relacionado com o patógeno envolvido. A indicação do tratamento de longa duração, ou terapia estendida, tem melhorado a resposta ao tratamento em casos de mastite por S. aureus, no entanto, com 30-50% de cura. Do ponto de vista do manejo dos animais, devido a alta contagiosidade deste patógeno, sua persistência no rebanho e custo em função ao tratamento, muitas vezes, o descarte do animal tem sido priorizado a fim de controlar os casos de mastite em propriedades. As medidas de controle são muito importantes para contribuir com a redução de casos de mastite por este patógeno. A indicação do tratamento intramamário associada com sistêmico tem poder efetivo em casos de mastite por E. coli, cujos casos agudos apresentam-se com sepse e toxemia. São abordados ainda aspectos de tratamentos alternativos das mastites, utilizados principalmente no processo orgânico de produção leiteira.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT: Mastites are considered a major problem on animals for milk production. Changes the milk composition and increases the somatic cell count (SCC). The microorganism involved in the disease may be infectious origin such as Staphylococcus aureus or environmental such as Escherichia coli. Bacterial culture is a diagnostic tool and aids in the detection of pathogenic causing masitis. However factor such as phagocytosis may result a negative result. When established a mastitis control program early diagnose and the initiation of appropriate treatment of clinical cases are fundamental for achieving the goals and success is related to the pathogen involved. The indication of treatment of long duration, or extended therapy has improved the response to the treatment in cases of matitis by S. aureus, however with 30-50% of cure. From the view point of handling of animals, given the high infectiousness of this pathogen, its persistence in the herd and cost-effective as a function of response to treatment often has prioritized the animal’s discard in order to control the mastitis cases in properties. Control measures are very important to contribute the reduction of cases of mastitis symptoms by this pathogen. The indication of intramammary treatment associated with systemic has power effective in cases of mastitis by E. coli, whose acute cases present with sepsis and toxemia. Also address aspects of alternative treatments of mastitis, mainly used in the organic process of milk production.

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          Most cited references60

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          Mastitis: comparative etiology and epidemiology.

          Mastitis is broadly defined as the inflammation of the mammary gland; however, the concept of mastitis is customized to address its social and clinical impact in the case of humans and the health, welfare, and economic consequences for other mammals. There are many microbial, host, and environmental factors that influence the development of mastitis. Some are common to all mammals as well as inherent to each species. Together these factors influence the most prevalent etiological agents for each species and might determine the possibility of interspecies transmission with its consequences to public health. The present review will summarize and compare reports on mastitis etiology and its epidemiology in humans and food animal species.
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            Bovine mastitis: an evolving disease.

            Mastitis remains a major challenge to the worldwide dairy industry despite the widespread implementation of mastitis control strategies. The last forty years have seen a dramatic decrease in clinical mastitis incidence but this has been accompanied by a change in the relative and absolute importance of different pathogens. Escherichia coli and Streptococcus uberis are now the two most common causes of bovine mastitis and are an increasing problem in low somatic cell count herds. This paper reviews the changes in incidence and pattern of mastitis in the UK over the last four decades and discusses some of the possible explanations for these changes. It focuses in particular on apparent changes in the behaviour of E. coli and its ability to cause persistent intramammary infection; which may be as a result of bacterial adaptation or the unmasking of previously unrecognized patterns of pathogenesis. The prospects for novel approaches to mastitis control are discussed, as are the current and future challenges facing the industry.
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              Efficacy of nisin in treatment of clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows.

              Nisin is an antimicrobial polypeptide produced by Lactococcus lactis and is believed nontoxic to humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate a nisin-based formulation for the treatment of bovine clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cattle. A total of 92 cows with 107 clinically mastitic quarters were randomly assigned to nisin- (48 cows with 51 quarters) and gentamicin (GM)-treated (44 cows with 56 quarters) groups. In the nisin-treated group, cows received an intramammary infusion of nisin at a dose of 2,500,000 IU; in the GM-treated group, intramammary infusion of GM was administered at a dose of 0.8 g. Results indicated that nisin offered a clinical cure rate similar to GM (90.2 vs. 91.1%) and no difference in bacteriological cure rate than GM-treated group (60.8 vs. 44.6%, respectively). Proportion of the quarters with milk somatic cell counts <500,000 cells/mL was not different in the nisin-treated group (50.0 and 47.8%) compared with the GM-treated group (33.3 and 37.3%) 1 and 2 wk after treatment. Of 17 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 82.5% were resistant to penicillin, and 35.3% to GM, but none of them to nisin. Nisin therapy eliminated 54.5% (6 of 11) of S. aureus IMI, whereas GM eliminated 33.3% (2 of 6). Nisin in milk (4.5 +/- 0.8 IU/mL) was detected only at 12 h following intramammary infusion, which was much lower than the upper limit (500 mg/mL) allowed as preservative in milk by the China authority. Because of its efficacy in the treatment of bovine clinical mastitis, especially resistant Staph. aureus-caused IMI, as well as its safety in humans, nisin deserves further study to clarify its effects on mastitis caused by different mastitis pathogens on a larger scale.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pvb
                Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira
                Pesq. Vet. Bras.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0100-736X
                1678-5150
                November 2017
                : 37
                : 11
                : 1261-1269
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1FMVZ orgdiv2Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Brazil
                [2] Botucatu São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia orgdiv2Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Brazil
                Article
                S0100-736X2017001101261
                10.1590/s0100-736x2017001100011
                40826882-ac65-4775-b354-d536431ef1cd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 December 2016
                : 25 February 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 70, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Programa de controle,terapia estendida,mastite bovina,Control program,extended therapy,bovine mastitis

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