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      Effects of Method of Colostrum Feeding and Colostrum Supplementation on Concentrations of Immunoglobulin G in the Serum of Neonatal Calves

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      Journal of Dairy Science
      American Dairy Science Association

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          Abstract

          Holstein heifer and hull calves (n = 52) at Ames Plantation (Grand Junction, TN) and Piedmont Research Station (Salisbury, NC) were blocked by sex and assigned randomly to receive 3.8 L of maternal colostrum in one feeding, 1.9 L in two feedings at a 10- to 12-h interval, or 1.9 L in two feedings at a 10- to 12-h interval plus 272 g of colostrum supplement at the first feeding. The colostrum supplement was mixed with 0.95 L of warm water and fed immediately following colostrum. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were unaffected by the number of feedings and averaged 20.0 and 16.6 g/L at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Calves that were fed the colostrum supplement at the first feeding had lower serum IgG concentrations at 24 h (16.0 g/L) than did calves that were fed two colostrum feedings without supplementation (21.0 g/L); however, serum IgG concentrations at 48 h did not differ among treatments. Dry matter intake and body weight gain were unaffected by feeding method. Calves may be fed high quality colostrum in one or two feedings without affecting IgG absorption.

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          Colostral immunoglobulin transfer in calves I. Period of absorption.

          Termination or closure of intestinal permeability to colostral immunoglobulins in the calf occurs spontaneously with age at a progressively increased rate after 12 h postpartum. Following a normal distribution, mean closure occurred near 24 h postpartum when the calves were not fed. Feeding colostrum shortly after birth resulted in earlier cessation of absorption. The amount of colostrum fed had no influence on closure. A quadratic response surface analysis of starting time on closure showed a significant linear response in all immunoglobulin classes, indicating that as colostrum feeding is delayed, cessation also is delayed up to the time of spontaneous closure. Differences in closure time for the three immunoglobulin classes were not significant.
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            Colostral immunoglobulin transfer in calves II. The rate of absorption.

            The rate and pattern of colostral immunoglobulin absorption, based upon increase in concentration of immunoglobulin in serum in calves, has been determined from the interaction of three factors: starting age of colostral feeding, amount of colostrum fed, and time after feeding. All immunoglobulin classes show common characteristics of absorption following a rapid transfer during the first 4 h after feeding. An analysis of three-dimensional response surface for each of the three immunoglobulin classes indicated positive linear trend in the amount fed up to 2 liters. Rates of absorption in succeeding time periods following the initial feeding had decreasing linear trends. That is, age at first feeding had an inverse effect on rate of absorption. A linear-by-linear interaction between amount fed and starting age as shown for all three classes. Only immunoglobulin IgM had a significant quadratic response for amount fed. Concentration of immunoglobulin in the pooled colostrums fed had no influence on rate of absorption. Evidence is that 2 liters of colostrum fed to Holstein calves may be optimum in the range studied for maximum pinocytotic activation of absorptive cells and maximum rate of absorption.
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              Colostral immunoglobulin absorption linearly related to concentration for calves.

              This experiment shows colostral immunoglobulin concentration is a major factor in the rate of immunoglobulin absorption and the amount of absorption when it is fed to newborn calves. First-milking colostrum was collected from two cows and blended with fresh whole milk in immunoglobulin concentrations ranging from 7.5 to 123.8 mg/ml for immunoglobulin G, .38 to 5.53 mg/ml for immunoglobulin A, and .46 to 11.19 mg/ml for immunoglobulin M. Six batches of colostrum were prepared separately with each having a different range of immunoglobulin concentration. Calves were separated from their dams at birth and fed either 1 or 2 liters of the prepared colostrum at the appropriate concentration. Feeding was repeated after 12 h. One-hundred and twenty Holstein-Friesian calves were fed in six blocks, a block for each freshly prepared colostrum, of 20 animals each. Blood samples were taken at prefeeding and at 12 and 24 h postpartum. The three isotypes in serum and colostrum were quantitated by single radial immunodiffusion procedure. Immunoglobulin G and A concentrations in serum of the calf at 24 h after feeding colostrum had a positive linear relationship with immunoglobulin G and A concentrations in the colostrum fed, whereas immunoglobulin M concentrations in the serum had a quadratic response. When compared on equal mass, the amount of colostrum fed, 1 or 2 liters, had less influence on immunoglobulin absorbed than did concentration.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Dairy Science
                Journal of Dairy Science
                American Dairy Science Association
                00220302
                May 1997
                May 1997
                : 80
                : 5
                : 979-983
                Article
                10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76023-5
                9178139
                408a70af-20fc-418b-9459-f6ab3c08004f
                © 1997

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

                http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/

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