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      Clinical nutrition prescription using a mathematical method to assess industrialized formulas Translated title: Prescripción de nutrición clínica utilizando un método matemático para valorar las fórmulas industrializadas

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: the planning of nutritional therapy depends on restrictions defined by the prescriber, in a way that nutrients and calories levels are placed at appropriate intervals. Since industrialized formulas (IF) have fixed compositions of macro and micronutrients, there is a high risk of not meeting the set of restrictions in a given clinical scenario, i.e., attendance of the caloric, but not of the protein target. Objective: the objective of this study is to identify under what conditions it is possible an industrialized formula to meet the clinical restrictions of calories, macro and micronutrients. Methods: we deduced a mathematical relationship that must be met in order to satisfy such constraints. Using as variables: a) the necessary volume of an FI to meet the energy goal; b) the energy density of the FI; c) upper limit of calorie or nutrient; and d) the lower limit of calorie or nutrient. Results: a first degree inequality was developed that if attended allows to discriminate if a prescribed volume v of an IF meets the set of restrictions placed by the prescriber, in order to previously select viable formulas among a portfolio. Clinical vignettes are presented. Conclusion: the viability condition of an industrialized formula for the attendance of a system of constraints can be identified with the aid of a mathematical formula of the first-degree inequality type.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la planificación de la terapia nutricional depende de las restricciones definidas por el prescriptor, de manera que los niveles de nutrientes y calorías se coloquen a intervalos apropiados. Como las fórmulas industrializadas (IF) tienen composiciones fijas tanto de macronutrientes como de micronutrientes, existe un alto riesgo de no cumplir con el conjunto de restricciones en un escenario clínico dado; es decir, la consecución del objetivo calórico, pero no del objetivo proteico. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio es identificar bajo qué condiciones una fórmula industrializada puede cumplir con las restricciones clínicas de calorías, macronutrientes y micronutrientes. Métodos: dedujimos una relación matemática que debe cumplirse para satisfacer tales restricciones. Usando como variables: a) el volumen necesario de un FI para alcanzar la meta de energía; b) la densidad de energía del FI; c) el límite superior de calorías o nutrientes; y d) el límite inferior de calorías o nutrientes. Resultados: se desarrolló una desigualdad de primer grado que, si se atiende, permite discriminar si un volumen prescrito v de un IF cumple con el conjunto de restricciones impuestas por el prescriptor para seleccionar previamente fórmulas disponibles dentro de una cartera. Se presentan viñetas clínicas. Conclusión: la condición de viabilidad de una fórmula industrializada para el cumplimiento de un sistema de restricciones puede identificarse con la ayuda de una fórmula matemática del tipo de desigualdad de primer grado.

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          Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.).

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            Optimisation of energy provision with supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a randomised controlled clinical trial.

            Enteral nutrition (EN) is recommended for patients in the intensive-care unit (ICU), but it does not consistently achieve nutritional goals. We assessed whether delivery of 100% of the energy target from days 4 to 8 in the ICU with EN plus supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) could optimise clinical outcome. This randomised controlled trial was undertaken in two centres in Switzerland. We enrolled patients on day 3 of admission to the ICU who had received less than 60% of their energy target from EN, were expected to stay for longer than 5 days, and to survive for longer than 7 days. We calculated energy targets with indirect calorimetry on day 3, or if not possible, set targets as 25 and 30 kcal per kg of ideal bodyweight a day for women and men, respectively. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) by a computer-generated randomisation sequence to receive EN or SPN. The primary outcome was occurrence of nosocomial infection after cessation of intervention (day 8), measured until end of follow-up (day 28), analysed by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00802503. We randomly assigned 153 patients to SPN and 152 to EN. 30 patients discontinued before the study end. Mean energy delivery between day 4 and 8 was 28 kcal/kg per day (SD 5) for the SPN group (103% [SD 18%] of energy target), compared with 20 kcal/kg per day (7) for the EN group (77% [27%]). Between days 9 and 28, 41 (27%) of 153 patients in the SPN group had a nosocomial infection compared with 58 (38%) of 152 patients in the EN group (hazard ratio 0·65, 95% CI 0·43-0·97; p=0·0338), and the SPN group had a lower mean number of nosocomial infections per patient (-0·42 [-0·79 to -0·05]; p=0·0248). Individually optimised energy supplementation with SPN starting 4 days after ICU admission could reduce nosocomial infections and should be considered as a strategy to improve clinical outcome in patients in the ICU for whom EN is insufficient. Foundation Nutrition 2000Plus, ICU Quality Funds, Baxter, and Fresenius Kabi. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Protein requirement in critical illness.

              How much protein do critically ill patients require? For the many decades that nutritional support has been used there was a broad consensus that critically ill patients need much more protein than required for normal health. Now, however, some clinical investigators recommend limiting all macronutrient provision during the early phase of critical illness. How did these conflicting recommendations emerge? Which of them is correct? This review explains the longstanding recommendation for generous protein provision in critical illness, analyzes the clinical trials now being claimed to refute it, and concludes with suggestions for clinical investigation and practice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                June 2020
                : 37
                : 3
                : 432-435
                Affiliations
                [1] Rio de Janeiro orgnameNutrotech orgdiv1Nutrotech Brazil
                [2] Rio de Janeiro orgnameSociedade Brasileira de Nutrição Parenteral e Enteral orgdiv1Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia orgdiv2Nutrotech Brazil
                Article
                S0212-16112020000400432 S0212-1611(20)03700300432
                10.20960/nh.02982
                408af1bf-ce9d-4cc0-b4b8-a15a1f4e1b6e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 February 2020
                : 26 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 4, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Modelo lineal,Objetivo,Macronutriente,Fórmula,Terapia nutricional,Target,Macronutrient,Formula,Nutrition therapy,Linear model

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