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      Resultados de aplicar un protocolo de seguridad al paciente traqueotomizado procedente de una unidad de cuidados críticos Translated title: Results of applying a safety protocol of the patient with tracheotomy from a critical care unit

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN: Introducción y objetivo: El incremento de traqueotomías en las unidades de cuidados críticos aumenta notablemente la morbimortalidad en la sala general. Para revertirlo, hemos implementado un programa de seguimiento multidisciplinar basado en la formación, la estandarización de los cuidados y la adopción de nuevas estrategias. Metodología: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo y observacional del seguimiento de 150 pacientes en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel, que carece de unidad de cuidados intermedios. Registramos y analizamos las variables clínicas, epidemiológicas y la evolución tras la aplicación del programa. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 61 años, 67 % varones y el 42 % neurocríticos. 71 % con traqueotomía percutánea. La mortalidad general fue del 17 % y la de los pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular del 6,3 %. Hubo un 8 % de reingresos en la unidad de críticos. Detectamos un 23 % de complicaciones de escasa gravedad. Se decanuló durante el ingreso a un 43 % de pacientes y el 38 % volvió a su domicilio, siendo dados de alta un 55 % con alimentación oral. El tiempo medio de estancia en la unidad de críticos fue de 34 días y de 70 días la media de ingreso hospitalario. Conclusiones: Este trabajo describe los resultados obtenidos tras aplicar un protocolo de seguimiento multidisciplinar en la sala de hospitalización, del paciente traqueotomizado que procede de las UCC. La finalidad de este seguimiento es mejorar la seguridad de estos pacientes, a fin de disminuir su morbimortalidad. Las aplicación de nuevas estrategias permitirá su evaluación en relación con los datos obtenidos de este estudio.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY: Introduction and objective: Increasing the number of tracheostomies in critical care units significantly increases morbimortality in the wards. To reverse this, we have implemented a multidisciplinary follow-up program based on training, standardization of care and the adoption of new strategies. Methodology: Prospective and observational cohort study of the follow-up of 150 patients in a third-level university hospital that does not have a step-down unit. We record and analyze the clinical and epidemiological variables and the evolution after the application of the program. Results: The average age was 61 years old, 67 % male, and 41 % neurocritical care patients. Percutaneous tracheostomy in 71 % of all tracheostomies. Global mortality was 17 % and that of patients with stroke was 6.3 %. Readmission to critical care units was 8 %. Low-severity complications were detected in 23 % of patients. The decannulation process was completed during admission in 43 % of patients, 38 % in all discharged from hospital, 55 % of them with oral feeding now of discharge. Average stay in critical care unit was 34 days and hospital length of stay was 70 days. Conclusions: This work describes the results obtained after applying a multidisciplinary follow-up protocol in the wards, of the tracheotomized patient who comes from the critical care units. The purpose of this follow-up is to improve the safety of these patients, to reduce their morbimortality. The application of new strategies will allow their evaluation in relation to the data obtained from this study.

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          Most cited references23

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          How is mechanical ventilation employed in the intensive care unit? An international utilization review.

          A 1-d point-prevalence study was performed with the aim of describing the characteristics of conventional mechanical ventilation in intensive care units ICUs from North America, South America, Spain, and Portugal. The study involved 412 medical-surgical ICUs and 1,638 patients receiving mechanical ventilation at the moment of the study. The main outcome measures were characterization of the indications for initiation of mechanical ventilation, the artificial airways used to deliver mechanical ventilation, the ventilator modes and settings, and the methods of weaning. The median age of the study patients was 61 yr, and the median duration of mechanical ventilation at the time of the study was 7 d. Common indications for the initiation of mechanical ventilation included acute respiratory failure (66%), acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (13%), coma (10%), and neuromuscular disorders (10%). Mechanical ventilation was delivered via an endotracheal tube in 75% of patients, a tracheostomy in 24%, and a facial mask in 1%. Ventilator modes consisted of assist/control ventilation in 47% of patients and 46% were ventilated with synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, pressure support, or the combination of both. The median tidal volume setting was 9 ml/kg in patients receiving assist/control and the median setting of pressure support was 18 cm H(2)O. Positive end-expiratory pressure was not employed in 31% of patients. Method of weaning varied considerably from country to country, and even within a country several methods were in use. We conclude that the primary indications for mechanical ventilation and the ventilator settings were remarkably similar across countries, but the selection of modes of mechanical ventilation and methods of weaning varied considerably from country to country.
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            Global Tracheostomy Collaborative: data-driven improvements in patient safety through multidisciplinary teamwork, standardisation, education, and patient partnership

            There is growing recognition of the need for a coordinated, systematic approach to caring for patients with a tracheostomy. Tracheostomy-related adverse events remain a pervasive global problem, accounting for half of all airway-related deaths and hypoxic brain damage in critical care units. The Global Tracheostomy Collaborative (GTC) was formed in 2012 to improve patient safety and quality of care, emphasising knowledge, skills, teamwork, and patient-centred approaches. Inspired by quality improvement leads in Australia, the UK, and the USA, the GTC implements and disseminates best practices across hospitals and healthcare trusts. Its database collects patient-level information on quality, safety, and organisational efficiencies. The GTC provides an organising structure for quality improvement efforts, promoting safety of paediatric and adult patients. Successful implementation requires instituting key drivers for change that include effective training for health professionals; multidisciplinary team collaboration; engagement and involvement of patients, their families, and carers; and data collection that allows tracking of outcomes. We report the history of the collaborative, its database infrastructure and analytics, and patient outcomes from more than 6500 patients globally. We characterise this patient population for the first time at such scale, reporting predictors of adverse events, mortality, and length of stay indexed to patient characteristics, co-morbidities, risk factors, and context. In one example, the database allowed identification of a previously unrecognised association between bleeding and mortality, reflecting ability to uncover latent risks and promote safety. The GTC provides the foundation for future risk-adjusted benchmarking and a learning community that drives ongoing quality improvement efforts worldwide.
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              Improving tracheostomy care in the United Kingdom: results of a guided quality improvement programme in 20 diverse hospitals

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                orl
                Revista ORL
                Rev. ORL
                Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca (Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain )
                2444-7986
                September 2022
                : 13
                : 3
                : 211-225
                Affiliations
                [2] Valladolid orgnameSanidad de Castilla y León orgdiv1Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid orgdiv2Servicio de Medicina Intensiva y Crítica España
                [3] Valladolid orgnameSanidad de Castilla y León orgdiv1Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid orgdiv2Estadística de la Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación España
                [1] Valladolid orgnameSanidad de Castilla y León orgdiv1Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid orgdiv2Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y CCF España
                Article
                S2444-79862022000400003 S2444-7986(22)01300300003
                10.14201/orl.28030
                40fb35be-4170-4be7-af84-d6205e87686c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 January 2022
                : 30 December 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                critical cares units,equipo multidisciplinario,unidades de cuidado intensivo,mejora de la calidad,seguridad del paciente,traqueotomía,complications,multidisciplinary care,quality improvement,patient safety,tracheotomy,complicaciones

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