Single-Photon Nanoantennas

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Abstract

Single-photon nanoantennas are broadband strongly scattering nanostructures placed in the near field of a single quantum emitter, with the goal to enhance the coupling between the emitter and far-field radiation channels. Recently, great strides have been made in the use of nanoantennas to realize fluorescence brightness enhancements, and Purcell enhancements, of several orders of magnitude. This perspective reviews the key figures of merit by which single-photon nanoantenna performance is quantified and the recent advances in measuring these metrics unambiguously. Next, this perspective discusses what the state of the art is in terms of fluoresent brightness enhancements, Purcell factors, and directivity control on the level of single photons. Finally, I discuss future challenges for single-photon nanoantennas.

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Stefan Hell (2007)

In 1873, Ernst Abbe discovered what was to become a well-known paradigm: the inability of a lens-based optical microscope to discern details that are closer together than half of the wavelength of light. However, for its most popular imaging mode, fluorescence microscopy, the diffraction barrier is crumbling. Here, I discuss the physical concepts that have pushed fluorescence microscopy to the nanoscale, once the prerogative of electron and scanning probe microscopes. Initial applications indicate that emergent far-field optical nanoscopy will have a strong impact in the life sciences and in other areas benefiting from nanoscale visualization.

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Single-molecule strong coupling at room temperature in plasmonic nanocavities

Rohit Chikkaraddy, Bart de Nijs, Felix Benz … (2016)

Emitters placed in an optical cavity experience an environment that changes their coupling to light. In the weak-coupling regime light extraction is enhanced, but more profound effects emerge in the single-molecule strong-coupling regime where mixed light-matter states form1,2. Individual two-level emitters in such cavities become non-linear for single photons, forming key building blocks for quantum information systems as well as ultra-low power switches and lasers3–6. Such cavity quantum electrodynamics has until now been the preserve of low temperatures and complex fabrication, severely compromising their use5,7,8. Here, by scaling the cavity volume below 40 nm3 and using host-guest chemistry to align 1-10 protectively-isolated methylene-blue molecules, we reach the strong-coupling regime at room temperature and in ambient conditions. Dispersion curves from >50 plasmonic nanocavities display characteristic anticrossings, with Rabi frequencies of 300 meV for 10 molecules decreasing to 90 meV for single molecules, matching quantitative models. Statistical analysis of vibrational spectroscopy time-series and dark-field scattering spectra provide evidence of single-molecule strong coupling. This dressing of molecules with light can modify photochemistry, opening up the exploration of complex natural processes such as photosynthesis9 and pathways towards manipulation of chemical bonds10.

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Antennas for light

Lukas Novotny, Niek van Hulst (2011)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): ACS Photonics

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): ACS Photonics

Journal ID (publisher-id): ph

Journal ID (coden): apchd5

Title: ACS Photonics

Publisher: American Chemical Society

ISSN (Electronic): 2330-4022

Publication date (Electronic): 10 March 2017

Publication date (Print): 19 April 2017

Volume: 4

Issue: 4

Pages: 710-722

Affiliations

[1]Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, NL-1098XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Author notes

[* ]E-mail: f.koenderink@ 123456amolf.nl .

Article

DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00061

PMC ID: 5770162

PubMed ID: 29354664

SO-VID: 4141ba5c-a9b6-4c81-ace5-c7ad9e3c4312

License:

This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial No Derivative Works (CC-BY-NC-ND) Attribution License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article, and creation of adaptations, all for non-commercial purposes.