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      Manejo de heridas en plexo braquial por proyectil de arma de fuego: revisión sistemática Translated title: Management of gunshot wound to the brachial plexus: a systematic review

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción y objetivo. Según estudios realizados por el Centro de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Estatal de Luisiana (EE.UU.), la prevalencia de lesiones por proyectil de arma de fuego en el plexo braquial es del 12%. Nuestro estudio tiene como objetivo señalar cuál es el tratamiento quirúrgico más utilizado para la restauración del plexo braquial lesionado por proyectil de arma de fuego según la bibliografía revisada, identificar el manejo quirúrgico con mayor porcentaje de restauración funcional y precisar qué nervios cervicales están más expuestos a heridas de bala. Material y método. Revisión sistemática basada en la guía de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Los criterios de inclusión fueron: investigaciones sobre heridas por proyectil de arma de fuego en el plexo braquial publicadas entre 2010-2020, disponibles en los idiomas español y/o inglés y disponibles en texto completo gratuito. Las bases de datos revisadas fueron: PubMed, SciELO y ScienceDirect. Resultados. El tratamiento quirúrgico más utilizado para este tipo de lesiones es la neurolisis con un 65%, dejando en segundo lugar a la neurotización con un 59%. En cuanto a la recuperación del paciente por neurolisis es de un 90.4% y por injerto de nervios es de un 85.7%. Algunos pacientes presentaron lesiones vasculares junto a las lesiones por proyectil de arma de fuego en el plexo braquial. Conclusiones. Las lesiones traumáticas de plexo braquial son relativamente poco frecuentes pero producen una severa disfunción del miembro superior, generando gran morbilidad en los pacientes que las sufren.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background and objective. According to studies conducted by the Louisiana State University Center for Health Sciences (USA), the prevalence of gunshot injuries to the brachial plexus is 12%. Our aim is to indicate which is the most used surgical treatment for the restoration of the brachial plexus injured by a firearm projectile according to the bibliography reviewed, identify the surgical management with the highest percentage of functional restoration and specify which cervical nerves tend to be more exposed to gunshot wounds. Methods. This study is a systematic review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The inclusion criteria were: research on gunshot wounds in the brachial plexus published within the 2010-2020 period, available in Spanish and / or English and which will be available in full text for free. The databases reviewed were: PubMed, SciELO and ScienceDirect. Results. The most widely used surgical treatment for this type of injury is neurolysis with 65%, leaving neurotization in second place with 59%. Regarding the recovery of the patient due to neurolysis it is 90.4% and due to nerve grafting it is 85.7%. Some patients presented vascular injuries in conjunction with gunshot injuries to the brachial plexus. Conclusions. Traumatic brachial plexus injuries are relatively rare, but they produce severe upper limb dysfunction, generating great morbidity in patients suffering from this type of injury.

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          Treatment Options for Brachial Plexus Injuries

          The incidence of brachial plexus injuries is rapidly growing due to the increasing number of high-speed motor-vehicle accidents. These are devastating injuries leading to significant functional impairment of the patients. The purpose of this review paper is to present the available options for conservative and operative treatment and discuss the correct timing of intervention. Reported outcomes of current management and future prospects are also analysed.
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            Surgical outcomes of the brachial plexus lesions caused by gunshot wounds in adults

            Background The management of brachial plexus injuries due to gunshot wounds is a surgical challenge. Better surgical strategies based on clinical and electrophysiological patterns are needed. The aim of this study is to clarify the factors which may influence the surgical technique and outcome of the brachial plexus lesions caused by gunshot injuries. Methods Two hundred and sixty five patients who had brachial plexus lesions caused by gunshot injuries were included in this study. All of them were male with a mean age of 22 years. Twenty-three patients were improved with conservative treatment while the others underwent surgical treatment. The patients were classified and managed according to the locations, clinical and electrophysiological findings, and coexisting lesions. Results The wounding agent was shrapnel in 106 patients and bullet in 159 patients. Surgical procedures were performed from 6 weeks to 10 months after the injury. The majority of the lesions were repaired within 4 months were improved successfully. Good results were obtained in upper trunk and lateral cord lesions. The outcome was satisfactory if the nerve was intact and only compressed by fibrosis or the nerve was in-contunuity with neuroma or fibrosis. Conclusion Appropriate surgical techniques help the recovery from the lesions, especially in patients with complete functional loss. Intraoperative nerve status and the type of surgery significantly affect the final clinical outcome of the patients.
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              MANAGEMENT OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS MISSILE INJURIES

              SUMMARY – Missile injuries are among the most devastating injuries in general traumatology. Traumatic brachial plexus injuries are the most difficult injuries in peripheral nerve surgery, and most complicated to be surgically treated. Nevertheless, missile wounding is the second most common mechanism of brachial plexus injury. The aim was to evaluate functional recovery after surgical treatment of these injuries. Our series included 68 patients with 202 nerve lesions treated with 207 surgical procedures. Decision on the treatment modality (exploration, neurolysis, graft repair, or combination) was made upon intraoperative finding. Results were analyzed in 60 (88.2%) patients with 173 (85.6%) nerve lesions followed-up for two years. Functional recovery was evaluated according to functional priorities. Satisfactory functional recovery was achieved in 90.4% of cases with neurolysis and 85.7% of cases with nerve grafting. Insufficient functional recovery was verified in ulnar and radial nerve lesions after neurolysis, and in median and radial nerve lesions when graft repair was done. We conclude that the best time for surgery is between two and four months after injury, except for the gunshot wound associated with injury to the surrounding structures, which requires immediate surgical treatment. The results of neurolysis and nerve grafting were similar.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                September 2021
                : 47
                : 3
                : 309-316
                Affiliations
                [2] Distrito Nacional orgnameInstituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo República Dominicana
                [1] orgnameInstituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo
                Article
                S0376-78922021000300012 S0376-7892(21)04700300012
                10.4321/s0376-78922021000300012
                41822503-c80f-4a96-8d78-29c3543e11f0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 July 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 9, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Miembro Superior

                Brachial plexus surgery,Gunshot injuries,Plexo braquial,Cirugía plexo braquial,Heridas arma de fuero,Brachial plexus

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