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      Consumo, digestibilidade e balanço de nitrogênio em ovinos alimentados com rações contendo torta de Crambe Translated title: Intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance in sheep fed with diets containing Crambe cake

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          Abstract

          RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da utilização de torta de crambe na ração de ovinos sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino 4x4 com quatro animais, quatro períodos e quatro tratamentos. Os tratamentos avaliados foram rações com 30% de silagem de sorgo e 70% de torta de crambe (30:70) e rações com 70% de silagem de sorgo e 30% de torta de crambe (70:30) em cordeiros sob consumo voluntário e controlado. Os animais que receberam a ração com a relação 30:70 consumiram mais matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE) por kg/dia, % PV/dia e g/kg PV0,75. A relação 30:70 proporcionou maior coeficiente de digestibilidade de MS e FDN. Os animais no regime voluntário apresentaram maior consumo de MS, PB, EE por kg/dia, % PV/dia e g/kg PV0,75. A torta de crambe apresentou coeficientes de digestibilidade superiores à silagem de sorgo, independentemente do regime de consumo. A relação 30:70 apresentou diferença para o N-ingerido e N-absorvido. A torta de crambe apresenta alta digestibilidade dos nutrientes e aceitação pelos animais quando associada à silagem de sorgo.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using crambe cake in diets for sheep on intake and digestibility. The experimental design was a 4x4 Latin square with four animals, four periods and four treatments. The treatments were diets with 30% sorghum silage and 70% crambe cake (30:70) and a diet with 70% sorghum silage and 30% crambe cake (70:30) in lambs under the voluntary and controlled intake. The animals who fed a diet with a 30:70 ratio consumed more dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) per kg/day, %BW/day and g/kgPV0,75. The ration provided higher digestibility of DM and NDF. The animals in the voluntary regime presented higher consumption of DM, CP, EE per kg/day, %BW/day and g/kgPV0,75. The cake crambe presented digestibility coefficient higher than sorghum silage, regardless of the regime intake. The 30:70 ration presented a difference in N intake and N absorbed. The cake crambe has high nutrient digestibility and acceptance by animals when associated with sorghum silage.

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          Generalized Approach for Incorporating Normalization Conditions in Design Sensitivity Analysis of Eigenvectors

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            Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle.

            M Allen (2000)
            Physical and chemical characteristics of dietary ingredients and their interactions can have a large effect on dry matter intake (DMI) of lactating cows. Physical limitations caused by distension of the reticulo-rumen or other compartments of the gastrointestinal tract often limit DMI of high producing cows or cows fed high forage diets. Fermentation acids also limit DMI from a combination of increased osmolality in the reticulo-rumen and specific effects of propionate, although the mechanisms are not clear. The specific physical and chemical characteristics of diets that can affect DMI include fiber content, ease of hydrolysis of starch and fiber, particle size, particle fragility, silage fermentation products, concentration and characteristics of fat, and the amount and ruminal degradation of protein. Site of starch digestion affects the form of metabolic fuel absorbed, which can affect DMI because absorbed propionate appears to be more hypophagic than lactate or absorbed glucose. Dry matter intake is likely determined by integration of signals in brain satiety centers. Difficulty in measurement and extensive interactions among the variables make it challenging to account for dietary effects when predicting DMI. However, a greater understanding of the mechanisms along with evaluation of animal responses to diet changes allows diet adjustments to be made to optimize DMI as well as to optimize allocation of diet ingredients to animals. This paper discusses some of the characteristics of dietary ingredients that should be considered when formulating diets for lactating dairy cows and when allocating feeds to different groups of animals on the farm.
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              A decade of developments in the area of fat supplementation research with beef cattle and sheep.

              Supplementing ruminant animal diets with fat has been investigated as a means to influence a variety of physiological processes or to alter fatty acid composition of food products derived from ruminant animals. Several digestion experiments have been conducted with beef cattle and sheep to elucidate the effects of supplemental fat on utilization of other dietary components. Negative associative effects are not likely to be observed in ruminants consuming forage-based diets with supplemental fat at < or = 2% of DMI. Inclusion of supplemental fat at < or = 3% of DM is recommended to obtain the most benefit from the energy contained within the fat and other dietary components in high-forage diets. For ruminants fed high-concentrate diets, supplementing fat at 6% of diet DM is expected to have minimal impacts on utilization of other dietary components. Although there is greater potential to supply the ruminant animal with unsaturated fatty acids from dietary origin if fat is added to high-concentrate diets, incomplete ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids results in an increase in duodenal flow of 18:1 trans fatty acids regardless of basal diet consumed by the animal. The biohydrogenation intermediate 18:1 trans-11 (trans-vaccenic acid) is the likely precursor to cis-9, trans-11 CLA because the magnitude of increase in CLA content in tissues or milk of ruminants fed fat is much greater than the increase in CLA presented to the small intestine of ruminants fed fat supplements. Duodenal flow of trans-vaccenic acid is also substantially greater than CLA. Increasing unsaturated fatty acids status of ruminants imparts physiological responses that are separate than the energy value of supplemental fat. Manipulating maternal diet to improve unsaturated fatty acid status of the neonate has practical benefits for animals experiencing stress due to exposure to cold environments or conditions which mount an immune response. Supplementing fat to provide an additional 16 to 18 g/d of 18:2n-6 to the small intestine of beef cows for the first 60 to 90 d of lactation will have negative impacts on reproduction and may impair immune function of the suckling calf. Consequences of the suckling animal increasing its intake of unsaturated fatty acids because of manipulation of maternal diet warrants further investigation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                abmvz
                Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
                Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
                Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária
                1678-4162
                June 2016
                : 68
                : 3
                : 761-768
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Londrina Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Ceará Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Estadual de Londrina Brazil
                Article
                S0102-09352016000300761
                10.1590/1678-4162-8618
                418f0a78-1069-4449-ba81-9a9238bd89c1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-0935&lng=en
                Categories
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                General veterinary medicine
                Agribusiness,Crambe abyssinica,alternative food,nutritional value,agroindústria,alimento alternativo,valor nutritivo

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