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      LA EMPATÍA EN LOS ROEDORES: EL PAPEL DE LA FAMILIARIDAD EN LA RESPUESTA EMOCIONAL Y LA CONDUCTA DE AYUDA EN RATONES MUS MUSCULUS

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          Abstract

          El propósito de la presente investigación experimental fue analizar la respuesta emocional de un tipo conocido de roedor (ratones mus musculus de laboratorio) así como su conducta de ayuda generada por el confinamiento de un compañero en un dispositivo de restricción de movimiento, bajo la influencia de la familiaridad definida mediante el tiempo de cohabitación en parejas. Diez y seis ratones machos de la cepa Swiss Albinos, ingenuos, con 35 días de edad, fueron divididos en parejas en las que uno de ellos era confinado mientras que el otro permanecía en libertad. El estudio centró su atención en el comportamiento del ratón libre a lo largo de 12 sesiones de medición y bajo la influencia de cuatro valores de cohabitación. Los resultados mostraron en primera instancia, que la constatación del compañero en dificultades genera altos niveles de activación conductual del ratón en libertad, la misma que se reduce significativamente al cabo de la liberación del congénere. Asimismo el estudio mostró que la conducta de ayuda en forma de la apertura de la puerta del dispositivo y medida a través de la latencia en que ésta se realiza, se reduce a medida que avanzan las sesiones, lo que significa que la liberación del compañero fortalece la conducta de apertura del dispositivo. La investigación también sugirió que solo el período de 216 horas de convivencia pudo afectar diferencialmente la respuesta emocional; sin embargo los diferentes valores de la cohabitación no ejercieron influencias significativas en el comportamiento de ayuda. Estos resultados indican que los ratones son capaces de mostrar alguna forma de preocupación emocional empática que despierta el comportamiento de ayudar a la pareja. Finalmente, este artículo discute sobre las connotaciones evolutivas y contextuales de la empatía animal.

          Translated abstract

          The purpose of the present experimental research was to analyze the emotional response of a well know type of rodent (mus musculus laboratory mice), as well as its helping behavior generated by the confinement of a companion in a movement restriction device, under the influence of the familiarity defined by cohabitation time-period. Sixteen male mice of the Swiss Albinos strain, naive, at 35 days of age, were divided into pairs in which one of them was confined while the other remained free. The study focused on the free mouse behavior over 12 measurement sessions and under the influence of four cohabitation values. The results showed in the first instance, that the evidence of a companion in trouble elicits high levels of behavioral activation in the free mouse, emotional state that is significantly reduced after the release of the congener. The study also showed that the helping behavior by opening the door of the device and measured through the latency in which it is performed, is reduced as the sessions progress which means that the release of the partner reinforces the opening behavior. The research also suggested that only the period of 216 hours of cohabitation could differentially affect the emotional response; however, other values of the cohabitation did not exert significant influences on the helping behavior. These results indicate that the mice are able to show some form of empathic emotional concern that awakens the behavior of helping the couple. Finally, this article discusses on the evolutionary and contextual connotations of animal empathy.

          Translated abstract

          A finalidade deste estudo experimental foi analisar a resposta emocional de um tipo conhecido de roedores (rato de laboratório Mus musculus) e o seu comportamento ajuda gerado pelo confinamento de um parceiro de um movimento do dispositivo de restrição, sob a influência de a familiaridade definida pelo tempo de coabitação em pares. Dezesseis camundongos machos da cepa dos albinos suíços, ingênuos, com 35 dias de idade, foram divididos em pares em que um deles foi confinado enquanto o outro permaneceu em liberdade. O estudo centrou-se no comportamento do rato livre ao longo de 12 sessões de medição e sob a influência de quatro valores de coabitação. Os resultados demonstraram, em primeiro lugar, considerar que o sujeito afligido gera níveis elevados de rato activação comportamental libertado, é significativamente reduzida após a libertação do composto aparentado. O estudo mostrou também que o comportamento de ajuda como a abertura da porta do dispositivo e medido pela latência em que é realizada, como é reduzido o progresso sessões, o que significa que a libertação de companheiro fortalece o comportamento de abertura do dispositivo. A pesquisa também sugeriu que apenas o período de 216 horas de coexistência poderia afetar diferencialmente a resposta emocional; entretanto, os diferentes valores da coabitação não exerceram influências significativas no comportamento de ajuda. Estes resultados indicam que os ratos são capazes de mostrar alguma forma de preocupação emocional empática que desperta o comportamento de ajudar o casal. Finalmente, este artigo discute as conotações evolutivas e contextuais da empatia animal.

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          Most cited references27

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          The functional architecture of human empathy.

          Empathy accounts for the naturally occurring subjective experience of similarity between the feelings expressed by self and others without loosing sight of whose feelings belong to whom. Empathy involves not only the affective experience of the other person's actual or inferred emotional state but also some minimal recognition and understanding of another's emotional state. In light of multiple levels of analysis ranging from developmental psychology, social psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and clinical neuropsychology, this article proposes a model of empathy that involves parallel and distributed processing in a number of dissociable computational mechanisms. Shared neural representations, self-awareness, mental flexibility, and emotion regulation constitute the basic macrocomponents of empathy, which are underpinned by specific neural systems. This functional model may be used to make specific predictions about the various empathy deficits that can be encountered in different forms of social and neurological disorders.
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            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
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            Empathy and pro-social behavior in rats.

            Whereas human pro-social behavior is often driven by empathic concern for another, it is unclear whether nonprimate mammals experience a similar motivational state. To test for empathically motivated pro-social behavior in rodents, we placed a free rat in an arena with a cagemate trapped in a restrainer. After several sessions, the free rat learned to intentionally and quickly open the restrainer and free the cagemate. Rats did not open empty or object-containing restrainers. They freed cagemates even when social contact was prevented. When liberating a cagemate was pitted against chocolate contained within a second restrainer, rats opened both restrainers and typically shared the chocolate. Thus, rats behave pro-socially in response to a conspecific's distress, providing strong evidence for biological roots of empathically motivated helping behavior.
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              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Identity and emergency intervention: how social group membership and inclusiveness of group boundaries shape helping behavior.

              Two experiments exploring the effects of social category membership on real-life helping behavior are reported. In Study 1, intergroup rivalries between soccer fans are used to examine the role of identity in emergency helping. An injured stranger wearing an in-group team shirt is more likely to be helped than when wearing a rival team shirt or an unbranded sports shirt. In Study 2, a more inclusive social categorization is made salient for potential helpers. Helping is extended to those who were previously identified as out-group members but not to those who do not display signs of group membership. Taken together, the studies show the importance of both shared identity between bystander and victim and the inclusiveness of salient identity for increasing the likelihood of emergency intervention.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rap
                Ajayu Órgano de Difusión Científica del Departamento de Psicología UCBSP
                Ajayu
                Universidad Cátolica Boliviana "San Pablo" (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                2077-2161
                March 2019
                : 17
                : 1
                : 26-50
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Católica Boliviana 'San Pablo' eroth@ 123456ucb.edu.bo
                Article
                S2077-21612019000100002 S2077-2161(19)01700100002
                41a83e11-8614-49f4-9c44-cad8b2c65d54

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                ARTÍCULO

                Empathy in rodents,comportamento de ajuda,coabitação,ativação emocional,Empatia em roedores,conducta de ayuda,cohabitación,activación emocional,Empatía en roedores,helping behavior,cohabitation,emotional activation

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