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      Contents of Pigments and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Rice Plants Pre-Treated with Sodium Nitroprusside and Exposed to Clomazone Translated title: Conteúdo de Pigmentos e Atividade de Enzimas Antioxidantes em Plantas de Arroz Pré-Tratadas com Nitroprussiato de Sódio e Expostas a Clomazone

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT: The pre-treatment of rice seeds with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used to investigate the effect of exogenous nitric oxide on the pigment content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes during the inhibition of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway by the herbicide clomazone. The seeds were soaked in SNP solution (200 mM) for one and 10 hours and sprayed with clomazone, at post-seeding and at the needle-point, with 612 (experiment 1) and 1,224 g a.i. ha-1 (experiment 2). The control of both factors received distilled water. Carotenoids, chlorophylls a, b and total, superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and the correlation between the variables were evaluated in the shoot of the plants. When compared to the control (no SNP), the imbibition for one hour increased carotenoid and total chlorophyll content by 24 and 54%, respectively, in experiment 1, where clomazone was applied in post-seeding. In the absence of the herbicide, the values were 37 and 59% higher. The SOD and POD activity, respectively, was increased by 48 and 51%, when the seeds were soaked for 10 hours and exposed to 612 g a.i. ha-1 of clomazone in post-seeding application. In a similar condition, in experiment 2, there were no changes in enzyme activity. Seed pretreatment with SNP increases the carotenoid and chlorophyll contents in rice plants, even with the inhibition of the MEP pathway by clomazone. The behavior of the SOD and POD activity indicates that other mechanisms besides the increase in the photosynthetic pigment contents are involved in the detoxification of the reactive oxygen species induced by the mode of action of clomazone.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO: O pré-tratamento das sementes de arroz com nitroprussiato de sódio (SNP) foi usado para investigar o efeito do óxido nítrico exógeno sobre o conteúdo de pigmentos e a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes durante a inibição da rota 2-C-metil-D-eritritol 4-fosfato (MEP), pelo herbicida clomazone. As sementes foram embebidas em solução de SNP (200 mM) por uma e 10 horas e pulverizadas com clomazone, em pós-semeadura e no ponto de agulha, com 612 (experimento 1) e 1.224 g i.a. ha-1 (experimento 2). As testemunhas de ambos os fatores receberam água destilada. Carotenoides, clorofilas a, b e total, superóxido dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) e a correlação entre as variáveis foram avaliados na parte aérea das plantas. Quando comparados à testemunha (sem SNP), a embebição por uma hora aumentou o conteúdo de carotenoides e clorofila total em 24 e 54%, respectivamente, no experimento 1, onde clomazone foi aplicado em pós-semeadura. Na ausência do herbicida, os valores foram 37 e 59% superiores. A atividade da SOD e POD foi aumentada em 48 e 51%, respectivamente, quando as sementes foram embebidas por 10 horas e expostas a 612 g i.a. ha-1 de clomazone em pós-semeadura. Em condição similar, no experimento 2, não houve alterações na atividade das enzimas. O pré-tratamento das sementes com SNP aumenta os níveis de carotenoides e clorofilas nas plantas de arroz, mesmo com a inibição da rota MEP pelo clomazone. O comportamento da atividade da SOD e POD indica que outros mecanismos, além do aumento nos níveis dos pigmentos fotossintéticos, estão envolvidos na detoxificação das espécies reativas de oxigênio, induzidas pelo modo de ação do clomazone.

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          Most cited references30

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          Silicon alleviates salt stress and increases antioxidant enzymes activity in leaves of salt-stressed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

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            Photooxidative stress in plants

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              Biosynthesis of isoprenoids via the non-mevalonate pathway.

              The mevalonate pathway for the biosynthesis of the universal terpenoid precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), is known in considerable detail. Only recently, the existence of a second mevalonate-independent pathway for the biosynthesis of IPP and DMAPP was detected in plants and certain eubacteria. Experiments with 13C and/or 2H-labelled precursors were crucial in the elucidation of this novel route. The pathway is essential in plants, many eubacteria and apicomplexan parasites, but not in archaea and animals. The genes, enzymes and intermediates of this pathway were rapidly unravelled over the past few years. Detailed knowledge about the mechanisms of this novel route may benefit the development of novel antibiotics, antimalarials and herbicides.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pd
                Planta Daninha
                Planta daninha
                Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas (Viçosa, MG, Brazil )
                0100-8358
                1806-9681
                May 2019
                : 37
                : 0
                : e019185130
                Affiliations
                [3] Santa Maria RS orgnameBayer Crop Science Brasil
                [2] Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria Brazil
                [4] Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas Brazil
                [1] Formigueiro RS orgnameWeedOut - Mais conhecimento, menos plantas daninhas Brasil
                Article
                S0100-83582019000100231
                10.1590/s0100-83582019370100032
                41abb51e-17b6-4801-922f-5ddf2501394a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 September 2017
                : 26 January 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Articles

                chlorophyll,carotenoids,Oryza sativa,superoxide dismutase,guaiacol peroxidase,clorofila,carotenoides,superóxido dismutase

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