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      Artificial intelligence for the detection, prediction, and management of atrial fibrillation Translated title: Erkennung, Vorhersage und Behandlung von Vorhofflimmern mithilfe künstlicher Intelligenz

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          Abstract

          The present article reviews the state of the art of machine learning algorithms for the detection, prediction, and management of atrial fibrillation (AF), as well as of the development and evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) in cardiology and beyond. Today, AI detects AF with a high accuracy using 12-lead or single-lead electrocardiograms or photoplethysmography. The prediction of paroxysmal or future AF currently operates at a level of precision that is too low for clinical use. Further studies are needed to determine whether patient selection for interventions may be possible with machine learning.

          Translated abstract

          In diesem Beitrag wird der aktuelle Stand von Algorithmen des maschinellen Lernens zur Erkennung, Vorhersage und Behandlung von Vorhofflimmern zusammengefasst, zudem werden die Entwicklung und Prüfung von künstlicher Intelligenz in der Kardiologie und anderen Bereichen dargelegt. Nach heutigem Stand lässt sich Vorhofflimmern mithilfe künstlicher Intelligenz in 12-Kanal- oder 1‑Kanal-Elektrokardiogrammen bzw. in Photoplethysmogrammen zuverlässig erkennen. Die Vorhersage von paroxysmalem oder neu auftretendem Vorhofflimmern hat die für den klinischen Einsatz erforderliche Genauigkeit noch nicht erreicht. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um zu untersuchen, ob auf Basis des maschinellen Lernens eine Patientenselektion für Interventionen möglich ist.

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          Most cited references54

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          Deep learning.

          Deep learning allows computational models that are composed of multiple processing layers to learn representations of data with multiple levels of abstraction. These methods have dramatically improved the state-of-the-art in speech recognition, visual object recognition, object detection and many other domains such as drug discovery and genomics. Deep learning discovers intricate structure in large data sets by using the backpropagation algorithm to indicate how a machine should change its internal parameters that are used to compute the representation in each layer from the representation in the previous layer. Deep convolutional nets have brought about breakthroughs in processing images, video, speech and audio, whereas recurrent nets have shone light on sequential data such as text and speech.
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            OUP accepted manuscript

            (2020)
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              Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations

              Health systems rely on commercial prediction algorithms to identify and help patients with complex health needs. We show that a widely used algorithm, typical of this industry-wide approach and affecting millions of patients, exhibits significant racial bias: At a given risk score, Black patients are considerably sicker than White patients, as evidenced by signs of uncontrolled illnesses. Remedying this disparity would increase the percentage of Black patients receiving additional help from 17.7 to 46.5%. The bias arises because the algorithm predicts health care costs rather than illness, but unequal access to care means that we spend less money caring for Black patients than for White patients. Thus, despite health care cost appearing to be an effective proxy for health by some measures of predictive accuracy, large racial biases arise. We suggest that the choice of convenient, seemingly effective proxies for ground truth can be an important source of algorithmic bias in many contexts.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                dominik.linz@gmx.de
                Journal
                Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol
                Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol
                Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                0938-7412
                1435-1544
                11 February 2022
                11 February 2022
                : 1-8
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.5254.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0674 042X, Department of Biomedical Sciences, , University of Copenhagen, ; Copenhagen, Denmark
                [2 ]GRID grid.1010.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7304, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, , The University of Adelaide, ; Adelaide, SA Australia
                [3 ]GRID grid.412966.e, ISNI 0000 0004 0480 1382, Department of Cardiology, , Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, ; Maastricht, The Netherlands
                [4 ]GRID grid.419255.e, ISNI 0000 0004 4649 0885, Department of Computational Physiology, , Simula Research Laboratory, ; Oslo, Norway
                Article
                839
                10.1007/s00399-022-00839-x
                8853037
                35147766
                41bc1857-9043-485b-80c2-03d5959b2a92
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 14 January 2022
                : 17 January 2022
                Categories
                Schwerpunkt

                af,ai,machine learning,neural networks,disease management,deep learning,vhf,ki,maschinelles lernen,neuronale netze,mehrschichtiges lernen

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