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      Electronic survey of management of hyperprolactinemia in Brazil: Endocrinologists versus gynecologists Translated title: Investigación electrónica del tratamiento de la hiperprolactinemia en Brasil: endocrinólogos contra ginecólogos

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          Abstract

          Hyperprolactinemia is a frequent condition in clinical practice, responsible for 20-25% of secondary amenorrhea cases. We performed an electronic survey among members of the Brazilian Society of Metabolism and Endocrinology (SBEM) and the Brazilian Federation of Association of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FEBRASGO) to assess diagnostic and therapeutic preferences for management of hyperprolactinemia. Electronic addresses of SBEM and FEBRASGO members were obtained from the directories of these societies, and these members were invited, through electronic messages (e-mail), to answer an online questionnaire that included 10 questions about the treatment of micro and macropro-lactinomas, maximum dose of dopamine agonist, how to exclude primary hypothyroidism and macroprolactinemia, hyperprolactinemia and pregnancy. We received responses to the questionnaire by e-mail from 521 SBEM members and 233 FEBRASGO members. The results of this survey demonstrate that there are many area of agreement between SBEM and FEBRASGO members and most of their responses follow the latest Endocrine Society Guideline. Relative to a survey performed several years ago, our findings show that SBEM members have incorporated some of latest recommendations in this field. The principal issues of concern for both groups are duration of dopamine agonist treatment for patients with microprolactinoma and dopamine agonist withdrawal during pregnancy.

          Translated abstract

          La hiperprolactinemia es una alteración frecuente, siendo responsable del 20 al 25% de los casos de amenorrea secundaria. Se realizó una investigación electrónica entre los miembros de la Sociedad Brasileña de Endocrinología y Metabología (SBEM) y de la Federación Brasileña de Ginecología y Obstetricia (FEBRASGO) para evaluar sus preferencias en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la hiperprolactinemia. Las direcciones electrónicas de miembros SBEM y de FEBRASGO se obtuvieron a partir de los directorios de esas sociedades. Se invitó a estos miembros a responder un cuestionario que incluía 10 cuestiones sobre el tratamiento de los micro y macroprolactinomas, dosis máxima del agonista dopaminérgico, hiperprolactinemia e hipotiroidismo primario, macroprolactinemia, prolactinoma y embarazo. Hemos recibido respuestas de 521 miembros de la SBEM y de 233 miembros FEBRASGO. Los resultados demuestran que hay bastantes áreas de concordancia entre los miembros de la SBEM y de la FEBRASGO y que la mayoría de las respuestas están de acuerdo con el último consenso de la Endocrine Society. En cuanto a una encuesta similar realizada hace años, nuestros resultados muestran que los socios de SBEM incorporaron algunas de las últimas recomendaciones propuestas en esa área. Los principales aspectos de interés en ambos grupos son la duración del tratamiento con el agonista dopaminérgico y la retirada del mismo durante el embarazo.

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          Most cited references29

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          Guidelines of the Pituitary Society for the diagnosis and management of prolactinomas.

          In June 2005, an ad hoc Expert Committee formed by the Pituitary Society convened during the 9th International Pituitary Congress in San Diego, California. Members of this committee consisted of invited international experts in the field, and included endocrinologists and neurosurgeons with recognized expertise in the management of prolactinomas. Discussions were held that included all interested participants to the Congress and resulted in formulation of these guidelines, which represent the current recommendations on the diagnosis and management of prolactinomas based upon comprehensive analysis and synthesis of all available data.
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            A comparison of cabergoline and bromocriptine in the treatment of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. Cabergoline Comparative Study Group.

            Cabergoline is a long-acting dopamine-agonist drug that suppresses prolactin secretion and restores gonadal function in women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. We designed a study to compare its safety and efficacy with those of bromocriptine, which has been the standard therapy. A total of 459 women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea were treated with either cabergoline (0.5 to 1.0 mg twice weekly) or bromocriptine (2.5 to 5.0 mg twice daily), administered in a double-blind fashion for 8 weeks and subsequently in an open fashion for 16 weeks, during which adjustments in the dose were made according to the response. Of the 459 women, 279 had microprolactinomas, 3 had macroprolactinomas, 1 had a craniopharyngioma, 167 had idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, and the remainder had an empty sella. Clinical and biochemical status was assessed at 2-week intervals for 8 weeks and monthly thereafter for a total of 6 months, with an additional assessment at 14 weeks. Stable normoprolactinemia was achieved in 186 of the 223 women treated with cabergoline (83 percent) and 138 of the 236 women treated with bromocriptine (59 percent, P < 0.001). Seventy-two percent of the women treated with cabergoline and 52 percent of those treated with bromocriptine had ovulatory cycles or became pregnant during treatment (P < 0.001). Amenorrhea persisted in 7 percent of the cabergoline-treated women and 16 percent of the bromocriptine-treated women. Adverse effects were recorded in 68 percent of the women taking cabergoline and 78 percent of those taking bromocriptine (P = 0.03); 3 percent discontinued taking cabergoline, and 12 percent stopped taking bromocriptine (P < 0.001) because of drug intolerance. Gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly less frequent, less severe, and shorter-lived in the women treated with cabergoline. Cabergoline is more effective and better tolerated than bromocriptine in women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea.
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              Cabergoline in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia: a study in 455 patients.

              Cabergoline is a new long-acting dopamine agonist that is very effective and well tolerated in patients with pathological hyperprolactinemia. The aim of this study was to examine, in a very large number of hyperprolactinemic patients, the ability to normalize PRL levels with cabergoline, to determine the effective dose and tolerance, and to assess the effect on clinical symptoms, tumor shrinkage, and visual field abnormalities. We also evaluated the effects of cabergoline in a large subgroup of patients with bromocriptine intolerance or -resistance. We retrospectively reviewed the files of 455 patients (102 males and 353 females) with pathological hyperprolactinemia treated with cabergoline in 9 Belgian centers. Among these patients, 41% had a microadenoma; 42%, a macroadenoma; 16%, idiopathic hyperprolactinemia; and 1%, an empty sella. The median pretreatment serum PRL level was 124 microg/L (range, 16-26,250 microg/L). A subgroup of 292 patients had previously been treated with bromocriptine, of which 140 showed bromocriptine intolerance and 58 showed bromocriptine resistance. Treatment with cabergoline normalized serum PRL levels in 86% of all patients: in 92% of 244 patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia or a microprolactinoma and in 77% of 181 macroadenomas. Pretreatment visual field abnormalities normalized in 70% of patients, and tumor shrinkage was seen in 67% of cases. Side effects were noted in 13% of patients, but only 3.9% discontinued therapy because of side effects. The median dose of cabergoline at the start of therapy was 1.0 mg/week but could be reduced to 0.5 mg/week once control was achieved. Patients with a macroprolactinoma needed a higher median cabergoline dose, compared with those with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia or a microprolactinoma: 1.0 mg/week vs. 0.5 mg/week, although a large overlap existed between these groups. Twenty-seven women treated with cabergoline became pregnant, and 25 delivered a healthy child. One patient had an intended abortion and another a miscarriage. In the patients with bromocriptine intolerance, normalization of PRL was reached in 84% of cases, whereas in the bromocriptine-resistant patients, PRL could be normalized in 70%. We confirmed, in a large-scale retrospective study, the high efficacy and tolerability of cabergoline in the treatment of pathological hyperprolactinemia, leaving few patients with unacceptable side effects or inadequate clinical response. Patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia or a microprolactinoma, on average, needed only half the dose of cabergoline as those with macroprolactinomas and have a higher chance of obtaining PRL normalization. Cabergoline also normalized PRL in the majority of patients with known bromocriptine intolerance or -resistance. Once PRL secretion was adequately controlled, the dose of cabergoline could often be significantly decreased, which further reduced costs of therapy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                raem
                Revista argentina de endocrinología y metabolismo
                Rev. argent. endocrinol. metab.
                Sociedad Argentina de Endocrinología y Metabolismo (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                1851-3034
                September 2017
                : 54
                : 3
                : 124-129
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameSao Paulo State University orgdiv1Botucatu Medical School orgdiv2Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychology Brazil
                [04] orgnameFederal University of Pernambuco orgdiv1Hospital das Clínicas orgdiv2Division of Endocrinology Brazil
                [03] orgnameSao Paulo State University orgdiv1Institute of Biosciences orgdiv2Department of Biostatistics Brazil
                [01] orgnameSao Paulo State University orgdiv1Botucatu Medical School orgdiv2Department of Internal Medicine Brazil
                Article
                S1851-30342017000300003
                41cf3144-2ff1-4721-a964-46b4f13f1e18

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 July 2017
                : 11 June 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Endocrinólogo,Investigación electrónica,Hiperprolactinemia,Gynecologist,Endocrinologist,Electronic survey,Hyperprolactinemia,Ginecólogo

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