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      The Irradiation Effect of a Simultaneous Laser and Electron Dual-beam on Void Formation

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      Scientific Reports
      Nature Publishing Group

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          Abstract

          Randomly distributed lattice point defects such as supersaturated vacancies (SVs) and Frenkel-pairs (FPs, an interstitial and a vacancy) can be simultaneously introduced into the crystal by energetic beam irradiation in outer space and/or nuclear reactors, but their behavior has not been fully understood. Using a high-voltage electron microscope equipped with a laser (laser-HVEM), we show the striking effects of simultaneous laser-electron (photon-electron) dual-beam irradiation on void formation. Our results reveal that during laser-electron sequential irradiation, pre-laser irradiation enhanced void nucleation and subsequent electron irradiation enhanced void growth. However, the laser-electron dual-beam irradiation was analyzed to depress void swelling remarkably because the recombination of SVs and interstitials was enhanced. The results provide insight into the mechanism underlying the dual-beam radiation-induced depression of void swelling in solids.

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          Structural transformations and defect production in ion implanted silicon: a molecular dynamics simulation study.

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            Voids in nickel irradiated with electrons after previous argon ion bombardment.

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              Radiation-induced swelling of stainless steel.

              P Shewmon (1971)
              Significant swelling (1 to 10 percent due to small voids have been found in stainless steel when it is exposed to fast neutron doses less than expected in commercial fast breeder reactors. The main features of this new effect are: (i) the voids are formed by the precipitation of a small fraction of the radiation-produced vacancies; (ii) the voids form primarily in the temperature range 400 degrees to 600 degrees C (750 degrees to 1100 degrees F); and (iii) the volume increases with dose (fluence) at a rate between linear and parabolic. The limited temperature range of void formation can be explained, but the effects of fluence, microstructure, and composition are determined by a competition between several kinetic processes that are not well understood. This swelling does not affect the feasibility or safety of the breeder reactor,but will have a significant impact on the core design and economics of the breeder.Preliminary results indicate that one cannot eliminate the effect,but cold-working,heat treatment, or small changes in composition can reduce the swelling by a factor of 2 or more. Testing is hampered by the fact that several years in EBR-II are required to accumulate the fluence expected in demonstration plants. Heavyion accelerators,which allow damage rates corresponding to much higher fluxes than those found in EBR-II,hold great promise for short-term tests that will indicate the relative effect of the important variables.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group
                2045-2322
                04 February 2013
                2013
                : 3
                : 1201
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Centre for Advanced Research of Energy and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University , N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
                [2 ]Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi , Ltd., 7-1-1 Omika, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1292, Japan
                Author notes
                Article
                srep01201
                10.1038/srep01201
                3563032
                23383371
                41d6f83c-f8bc-4768-81cb-cedd8a8d814a
                Copyright © 2013, Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

                History
                : 23 July 2012
                : 16 January 2013
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