10
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Technical note: How are NH<sub>3</sub> dry deposition estimates affected by combining the LOTOS-EUROS model with IASI-NH<sub>3</sub> satellite observations?

      , , ,
      Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
      Copernicus GmbH

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          <p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Atmospheric levels of reactive nitrogen have increased substantially during the last century resulting in increased nitrogen deposition to ecosystems, causing harmful effects such as soil acidification, reduction in plant biodiversity and eutrophication in lakes and the ocean. Recent developments in the use of atmospheric remote sensing enabled us to resolve concentration fields of <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> with larger spatial coverage. These observations may be used to improve the quantification of <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> deposition. In this paper, we use a relatively simple, data-driven method to derive dry deposition fluxes and surface concentrations of <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> for Europe and for the Netherlands. The aim of this paper is to determine the applicability and the limitations of this method for <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span>. Space-born observations of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and the LOTOS-EUROS atmospheric transport model are used. The original modelled dry <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> deposition flux from LOTOS-EUROS and the flux inferred from IASI are compared to indicate areas with large discrepancies between the two. In these areas, potential model or emission improvements are needed. The largest differences in derived dry deposition fluxes occur in large parts of central Europe, where the satellite-observed <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> concentrations are higher than the modelled ones, and in Switzerland, northern Italy (Po Valley) and southern Turkey, where the modelled <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> concentrations are higher than the satellite-observed ones. A sensitivity analysis of eight model input parameters important for <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> dry deposition modelling showed that the IASI-derived dry <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> deposition fluxes may vary from <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 20<span class="thinspace"></span>% up to <span class="inline-formula">∼50</span><span class="thinspace"></span>% throughout Europe. Variations in the <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> dry deposition velocity led to the largest deviations in the IASI-derived dry <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> deposition flux and should be focused on in the future. A comparison of <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> surface concentrations with in situ measurements of several established networks – the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), Meetnet Ammoniak in Natuurgebieden (MAN) and Landelijk Meetnet Luchtkwaliteit (LML) – showed no significant or consistent improvement in the IASI-derived <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> surface concentrations compared to the originally modelled <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> surface concentrations from LOTOS-EUROS. It is concluded that the IASI-derived <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> deposition fluxes do not show strong improvements compared to modelled <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> deposition fluxes and there is a future need for better, more robust, methods to derive <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> dry deposition fluxes.</p>

          Related collections

          Most cited references41

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century.

            Global nitrogen fixation contributes 413 Tg of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to terrestrial and marine ecosystems annually of which anthropogenic activities are responsible for half, 210 Tg N. The majority of the transformations of anthropogenic Nr are on land (240 Tg N yr(-1)) within soils and vegetation where reduced Nr contributes most of the input through the use of fertilizer nitrogen in agriculture. Leakages from the use of fertilizer Nr contribute to nitrate (NO3(-)) in drainage waters from agricultural land and emissions of trace Nr compounds to the atmosphere. Emissions, mainly of ammonia (NH3) from land together with combustion related emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), contribute 100 Tg N yr(-1) to the atmosphere, which are transported between countries and processed within the atmosphere, generating secondary pollutants, including ozone and other photochemical oxidants and aerosols, especially ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4. Leaching and riverine transport of NO3 contribute 40-70 Tg N yr(-1) to coastal waters and the open ocean, which together with the 30 Tg input to oceans from atmospheric deposition combine with marine biological nitrogen fixation (140 Tg N yr(-1)) to double the ocean processing of Nr. Some of the marine Nr is buried in sediments, the remainder being denitrified back to the atmosphere as N2 or N2O. The marine processing is of a similar magnitude to that in terrestrial soils and vegetation, but has a larger fraction of natural origin. The lifetime of Nr in the atmosphere, with the exception of N2O, is only a few weeks, while in terrestrial ecosystems, with the exception of peatlands (where it can be 10(2)-10(3) years), the lifetime is a few decades. In the ocean, the lifetime of Nr is less well known but seems to be longer than in terrestrial ecosystems and may represent an important long-term source of N2O that will respond very slowly to control measures on the sources of Nr from which it is produced.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Nitrogen and sulfur deposition on regional and global scales: A multimodel evaluation

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
                Atmos. Chem. Phys.
                Copernicus GmbH
                1680-7324
                2018
                September 13 2018
                : 18
                : 17
                : 13173-13196
                Article
                10.5194/acp-18-13173-2018
                41f492f5-2ea9-41fd-9dd3-859840fd712d
                © 2018

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History

                Comments

                Comment on this article