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      Bordetella bronchiseptica Pneumonia in an Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Neonate

      case-report
      , M.B.B.S., M.P.H., M.R.C.P.C.H., F.H.K.A.M. 1 , , M.D., F.A.C.P., F.H.K.A.M. 2 , , M.B.B.S., M.R.C.P., F.H.K.A.M. 1
      AJP Reports
      Thieme Medical Publishers
      Bordetella bronchiseptica, extremely low birth weight, preterm, neonate

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          Abstract

          Bordetella bronchiseptica, a gram-negative coccobacillus, is a common veterinary pathogen. In both domestic and wild animals, this bacterium causes respiratory infections including infectious tracheobronchitis in dogs and atrophic rhinitis in swine. Human infections are rare and have been documented in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we describe an extremely-low-birth-weight infant with B. bronchiseptica pneumonia. This is the first report that describes the microorganism's responsibility in causing nosocomial infection in a preterm neonate. He recovered uneventfully after a course of meropenem. It is possible that the bacteria colonize the respiratory tracts of our health care workers or parents who may have had contact with pets and then transmitted the bacterium to our patient. Follow-up until 21 months of age showed normal growth and development. He did not suffer from any significant residual respiratory disease.

          Most cited references14

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          Comparative analysis of the genome sequences of Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica.

          Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica are closely related Gram-negative beta-proteobacteria that colonize the respiratory tracts of mammals. B. pertussis is a strict human pathogen of recent evolutionary origin and is the primary etiologic agent of whooping cough. B. parapertussis can also cause whooping cough, and B. bronchiseptica causes chronic respiratory infections in a wide range of animals. We sequenced the genomes of B. bronchiseptica RB50 (5,338,400 bp; 5,007 predicted genes), B. parapertussis 12822 (4,773,551 bp; 4,404 genes) and B. pertussis Tohama I (4,086,186 bp; 3,816 genes). Our analysis indicates that B. parapertussis and B. pertussis are independent derivatives of B. bronchiseptica-like ancestors. During the evolution of these two host-restricted species there was large-scale gene loss and inactivation; host adaptation seems to be a consequence of loss, not gain, of function, and differences in virulence may be related to loss of regulatory or control functions.
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            Human infections associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica.

            This study examines the potential of Bordetella bronchiseptica to act as a human pathogen. After encountering two patients from whom B. bronchiseptica was isolated, we searched the literature and found 23 reports in which a human infection was reported in association with B. bronchiseptica. As a basis for evaluating these cases, we summarize the literature about the current microbiological status of B. bronchiseptica, the pathology and pathogenic mechanisms associated with the microorganism, and the likelihood of it acting as a commensal or colonizer. From this review we conclude that B. bronchiseptica has been rarely isolated from humans despite their considerable exposure to animal sources. Evidence suggests that B. bronchiseptica may be rarely encountered as a commensal or colonizer of the respiratory tract of humans and rarely in association with infection. When found as a probable pathogen, most infections have been respiratory tract in origin and have occurred in severely compromised hosts.
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              Identification of Bordetella spp. in respiratory specimens from individuals with cystic fibrosis.

              Bordetella spp. are not normally included when considering the opportunistic bacterial species that are typically involved in respiratory tract infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). By using a combination of bacterial genotyping and 16S rDNA sequencing, Bordetella spp. were identified in cultures obtained from 43 individuals with CF. Most (n = 23) patients were infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica/parapertussis; five were infected with Bordetella hinzii, four with Bordetella petrii, three with Bordetella avium, and eight with unidentified Bordetella spp. Consideration should be given to the presence of these organisms in the evaluation of CF sputum cultures.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                AJP Rep
                AJP Rep
                AJP Reports
                Thieme Medical Publishers (333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA. )
                2157-6998
                2157-7005
                01 August 2011
                December 2011
                : 1
                : 2
                : 83-86
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
                [2 ]Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence and reprint requests Yuk Joseph Ting, M.B.B.S., M.P.H., M.R.C.P.C.H., F.H.K.A.M. Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia 1R47-4480 Oak Street, Vancouver BC V6H 3V4Canada tingyukjoseph@ 123456yahoo.com.hk
                Article
                01083
                10.1055/s-0031-1284223
                3653527
                23705092
                420a1597-d549-4d9e-a6ea-234f41d6ce31
                © Thieme Medical Publishers
                History
                : 24 December 2010
                : 27 April 2011
                Categories
                Article

                bordetella bronchiseptica,extremely low birth weight,preterm,neonate

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