National action plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran for combating antimicrobial resistance during 2016 – 2021

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Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important threats to health worldwide. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) have invited countries around the world to work together to inhibit AMR, and all the member states are expected to prepare a national plan for tackling AMR by 2017. This project was aimed to prepare the National Action Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran for combating antimicrobial resistance (NAP-IRIAMR) during 2016 to 2021.

Methods: In this article, the literature and available documents were reviewed to identify key stakeholders. Moreover, interviews, brain storming sessions, and meetings with key stakeholders were held to determine NAP-IRIAMR objectives, strategies, policies, and indicators for monitoring and evaluation. To reach consensus and make a conclusion, participants’ views and comments were analyzed using Delphi method and expert panel.

Results: In this national action plan for combating AMR, 13 key stakeholders were identified and 5 objectives were set: (1) raising public awareness and increasing trainings on AMR, (2) continuous monitoring of AMR, (3) preventing the spread of microorganisms resistant to antimicrobials, (4) promoting the rational use of antimicrobials, (5) promoting research and development in the field of AMR.

Conclusion: The NAP-IRIAMR was prepared for the years 2016- 2021. Intersectoral cooperation is needed to combat AMR. It is expected that implementing the NAP-IRIAMR and reaching the determined goals will help overcome the problems related to AMR.

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Hospital and societal costs of antimicrobial-resistant infections in a Chicago teaching hospital: implications for antibiotic stewardship.

Rebecca R. Roberts, Bala Hota, Ibrar Ahmad … (2009)

Organisms resistant to antimicrobials continue to emerge and spread. This study was performed to measure the medical and societal cost attributable to antimicrobial-resistant infection (ARI). A sample of high-risk hospitalized adult patients was selected. Measurements included ARI, total cost, duration of stay, comorbidities, acute pathophysiology, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score, intensive care unit stay, surgery, health care-acquired infection, and mortality. Hospital services used and outcomes were abstracted from electronic and written medical records. Medical costs were measured from the hospital perspective. A sensitivity analysis including 3 study designs was conducted. Regression was used to adjust for potential confounding in the random sample and in the sample expanded with additional patients with ARI. Propensity scores were used to select matched control subjects for each patient with ARI for a comparison of mean cost for patients with and without ARI. In a sample of 1391 patients, 188 (13.5%) had ARI. The medical costs attributable to ARI ranged from $18,588 to $29,069 per patient in the sensitivity analysis. Excess duration of hospital stay was 6.4-12.7 days, and attributable mortality was 6.5%. The societal costs were $10.7-$15.0 million. Using the lowest estimates from the sensitivity analysis resulted in a total cost of $13.35 million in 2008 dollars in this patient cohort. The attributable medical and societal costs of ARI are considerable. Data from this analysis could form the basis for a more comprehensive evaluation of the cost of resistance and the potential economic benefits of prevention programs.

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The WHO policy package to combat antimicrobial resistance

Emily Leung, Diana Weil, Mario Raviglione … (2011)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Med J Islam Repub Iran

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Med J Islam Repub Iran

Journal ID (publisher-id): MJIRI

Journal ID (publisher-id): Med J Islam Repub Iran

Title: Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Publisher: Iran University of Medical Sciences

ISSN (Print): 1016-1430

ISSN (Electronic): 2251-6840

Publication date Collection: 2018

Publication date (Electronic): 07 September 2018

Volume: 32

Page: 82

Affiliations

¹ Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

² Centre for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.

³ Centre for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

⁵ Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Author notes

Corresponding author: Dr Bakhtiar Piroozi, bpiroozi@ 123456gmail.com

Article

DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.32.82

PMC ID: 6325276

SO-VID: 42603ef0-bb59-4102-8821-cbca5790edfe

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 3.0 License (CC BY-NC 3.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

History

Date received : 11 December 2017

Page count

Tables: 2, References: 13, Pages: 5

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