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      Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Prospective Biotechnological Applications: an Overview

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      Biological Trace Element Research
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d21161986e69">The green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using living cells is a promising and novelty tool in bionanotechnology. Chemical and physical methods are used to synthesize NPs; however, biological methods are preferred due to its eco-friendly, clean, safe, cost-effective, easy, and effective sources for high productivity and purity. High pressure or temperature is not required for the green synthesis of NPs, and the use of toxic and hazardous substances and the addition of external reducing, stabilizing, or capping agents are avoided. Intra- or extracellular biosynthesis of NPs can be achieved by numerous biological entities including bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, actinomycetes, and plant extracts. Recently, numerous methods are used to increase the productivity of nanoparticles with variable size, shape, and stability. The different mechanical, optical, magnetic, and chemical properties of NPs have been related to their shape, size, surface charge, and surface area. Detection and characterization of biosynthesized NPs are conducted using different techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, AFM, DLS, XRD, zeta potential analyses, etc. NPs synthesized by the green approach can be incorporated into different biotechnological fields as antimicrobial, antitumor, and antioxidant agents; as a control for phytopathogens; and as bioremediative factors, and they are also used in the food and textile industries, in smart agriculture, and in wastewater treatment. This review will address biological entities that can be used for the green synthesis of NPs and their prospects for biotechnological applications. </p>

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Biological Trace Element Research
          Biol Trace Elem Res
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          0163-4984
          1559-0720
          May 6 2020
          Article
          10.1007/s12011-020-02138-3
          32377944
          429217a2-e183-4dcd-b9ad-0d5abc741028
          © 2020

          http://www.springer.com/tdm

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