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      DETERIORO GENÓMICO Y MANIPULACIÓN GENÉTICA: DESEQUILIBRIO EN LA PRIORIDAD DE LAS AGENDAS PÚBLICAS Translated title: GENOME DAMAGE AND GENETIC MANIPULATION: UNBALANCE IN PUBLIC POLICIES PRIORITY Translated title: DETERIORIZAÇÃO GENÔMICA E MANIPULAÇÃO GENÉTICA: DESEQUILÍBRIO NA PRIORIDADE DAS AGENDAS PÚBLICAS

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          Abstract

          Se analiza el desequilibrio en el tratamiento de dos temas que atañen a la conservación de la integridad del genoma humano: las tecnologías de manipulación genética y el deterioro genómico provocado por la contaminación ambiental. Las carencias educativas, la falta de información asentada en los hechos y un manejo sensacionalista en los medios, entre otros factores, desajustan las agendas mediáticas con las necesidades públicas, lo que desemboca en una falta de conciencia ciudadana acerca de las verdaderas amenazas a las que está expuesto el material genético y los riesgos de salud que ello implica

          Translated abstract

          Unbalance in the treatment of two topics related to the conservation of the human genome integrity is analyzed here: the technologies for genetic manipulation and genome damage due to environmental pollution. Lack of education and of information based on real facts, and the media sensationalist treatment, among other factors, provoke an unbalance between the media agenda and public needs. This leads to a lack of citizenship consciousness over the true threats that genetic material faces and the health risks that it involves

          Translated abstract

          O presente texto analisa o desequilíbrio no tratamento de dois temas que dizem respeito à conservação da integridade do genoma humano: as tecnologias de manipulação genética e a deteriorização genômica provocada pela contaminação ambiental. As carências educativas, a falta de informação assentada nos fatos e um manejo sensacionalista dos meios, entre outros fatores, desajustam as agendas mediáticas com as necessidades públicas, o que desemboca numa falta de consciência cidadã em relação às verdadeiras ameaças à que se expôs o material genético e os riscos de saúde que isto implica

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          Most cited references69

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          Workgroup Report: Drinking-Water Nitrate and Health—Recent Findings and Research Needs

          Human alteration of the nitrogen cycle has resulted in steadily accumulating nitrate in our water resources. The U.S. maximum contaminant level and World Health Organization guidelines for nitrate in drinking water were promulgated to protect infants from developing methemoglobinemia, an acute condition. Some scientists have recently suggested that the regulatory limit for nitrate is overly conservative; however, they have not thoroughly considered chronic health outcomes. In August 2004, a symposium on drinking-water nitrate and health was held at the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology meeting to evaluate nitrate exposures and associated health effects in relation to the current regulatory limit. The contribution of drinking-water nitrate toward endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds was evaluated with a focus toward identifying subpopulations with increased rates of nitrosation. Adverse health effects may be the result of a complex interaction of the amount of nitrate ingested, the concomitant ingestion of nitrosation cofactors and precursors, and specific medical conditions that increase nitrosation. Workshop participants concluded that more experimental studies are needed and that a particularly fruitful approach may be to conduct epidemiologic studies among susceptible subgroups with increased endogenous nitrosation. The few epidemiologic studies that have evaluated intake of nitrosation precursors and/or nitrosation inhibitors have observed elevated risks for colon cancer and neural tube defects associated with drinking-water nitrate concentrations below the regulatory limit. The role of drinking-water nitrate exposure as a risk factor for specific cancers, reproductive outcomes, and other chronic health effects must be studied more thoroughly before changes to the regulatory level for nitrate in drinking water can be considered.
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            Identification of a Brazil-nut allergen in transgenic soybeans.

            The nutritional quality of soybeans (Glycine max) is compromised by a relative deficiency of methionine in the protein fraction of the seeds. To improve the nutritional quality, methionine-rich 2S albumin from the Brazil nut (Betholletia excelsa) has been introduced into transgenic soybeans. Since the Brazil nut is a known allergenic food, we assessed the allergenicity of the 2S albumin. The ability of proteins in transgenic and non-transgenic soybeans, Brazil nuts, and purified 2S albumin to bind to IgE in serum from subjects allergic to Brazil nuts was determined by radioallergosorbent tests (4 subjects) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (9 subjects) with immunoblotting and autoradiography. Three subjects also underwent skin-prick testing with extracts of soybean, transgenic soybean, and Brazil nut. On radioallergosorbent testing of pooled serum from four subjects allergic to Brazil nuts, protein extracts of transgenic soybean inhibited binding of IgE to Brazil-nut proteins. On immunoblotting, serum IgE from eight of nine subjects bound to purified 2S albumin from the Brazil nut and the transgenic soybean. On skin-prick testing, three subjects had positive reactions to extracts of Brazil nut and transgenic soybean and negative reactions to soybean extract. The 2S albumin is probably a major Brazil-nut allergen, and the transgenic soybeans analyzed in this study contain this protein. Our study show that an allergen from a food known to be allergenic can be transferred into another food by genetic engineering.
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              Bioethics: bridge to the future

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abioeth
                Acta bioethica
                Acta bioeth.
                Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Bioética, Universidad de Chile (Santiago )
                1726-569X
                November 2007
                : 13
                : 2
                : 223-231
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Abierta Interamericana Argentina
                Article
                S1726-569X2007000200010
                10.4067/S1726-569X2007000200010
                42a4ad4d-f547-461f-b300-1d7a2e951313

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1726-569X&lng=en
                Categories
                ETHICS
                MEDICAL ETHICS
                SOCIAL SCIENCES, BIOMEDICAL

                General medicine,Ethics,Health & Social care
                environmental toxicology,genotoxic,bioética,toxicologia ambiental,justiça ambiental,genotóxico,manipulación genética,deterioro genómico,toxicología ambiental,justicia ambiental,genetic manipulation,genomic damage,bioethics,environment justice,genotóxio,manipulação genética,deteriorização genômica

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