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      Protein posttranslational modifications: the chemistry of proteome diversifications.

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          Abstract

          The diversity of distinct covalent forms of proteins (the proteome) greatly exceeds the number of proteins predicted by DNA coding capacities owing to directed posttranslational modifications. Enzymes dedicated to such protein modifications include 500 human protein kinases, 150 protein phosphatases, and 500 proteases. The major types of protein covalent modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, methylation, and ubiquitylation, can be classified according to the type of amino acid side chain modified, the category of the modifying enzyme, and the extent of reversibility. Chemical events such as protein splicing, green fluorescent protein maturation, and proteasome autoactivations also represent posttranslational modifications. An understanding of the scope and pattern of the many posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells provides insight into the function and dynamics of proteome compositions.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
          Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
          Wiley
          1433-7851
          1433-7851
          Dec 01 2005
          : 44
          : 45
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Christopher_walsh@hms.harvard.edu
          Article
          10.1002/anie.200501023
          16267872
          42a67298-8a84-4523-84ac-76aaded03cd1
          History

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