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      Die Bedeutung der Gesundheitskommunikation in der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung

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          Abstract

          Aufgrund technologischer Entwicklungen hat sich die Gesundheitskommunikation in den letzten Jahrzehnten grundlegend verändert – von einer eindimensionalen hin zu einer interaktiven und multidirektionalen Kommunikation. Das vorliegende Kapitel zielt darauf ab, die Bedeutung von Gesundheitskommunikation für Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung wie auch Potenziale und Herausforderungen neuer Entwicklungen darzustellen. Aus psychologischer Perspektive werden hierbei drei grundlegende Ziele unterschieden: die Darbietung von Informationen, die Wahrnehmungsveränderung sowie die Veränderung von Gesundheitsverhalten. Um gesundheitsrelevante Inhalte entsprechend dieser drei Ziele wirkungsvoll und zielgerichtet zu kommunizieren, werden unterschiedliche Darstellungsformate (z. B. visuell) und Verbreitungsmöglichkeiten (z. B. Smartphone-Apps) diskutiert und anhand von aktuellen Beispielen, wie dem Ausbruch der neuartigen Coronavirus-Erkrankung COVID-19, skizziert.

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          Most cited references55

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          The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions.

          CONSORT guidelines call for precise reporting of behavior change interventions: we need rigorous methods of characterizing active content of interventions with precision and specificity. The objective of this study is to develop an extensive, consensually agreed hierarchically structured taxonomy of techniques [behavior change techniques (BCTs)] used in behavior change interventions. In a Delphi-type exercise, 14 experts rated labels and definitions of 124 BCTs from six published classification systems. Another 18 experts grouped BCTs according to similarity of active ingredients in an open-sort task. Inter-rater agreement amongst six researchers coding 85 intervention descriptions by BCTs was assessed. This resulted in 93 BCTs clustered into 16 groups. Of the 26 BCTs occurring at least five times, 23 had adjusted kappas of 0.60 or above. "BCT taxonomy v1," an extensive taxonomy of 93 consensually agreed, distinct BCTs, offers a step change as a method for specifying interventions, but we anticipate further development and evaluation based on international, interdisciplinary consensus.
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            A Protection Motivation Theory of Fear Appeals and Attitude Change1

            A protection motivation theory is proposed that postulates the three crucial components of a fear appeal to be (a) the magnitude of noxiousness of a depicted event; (b) the probability of that event's occurrence; and (c) the efficacy of a protective response. Each of these communication variables initiates corresponding cognitive appraisal processes that mediate attitude change. The proposed conceptualization is a special case of a more comprehensive theoretical schema: expectancy-value theories. Several suggestions are offered for reinterpreting existing data, designing new types of empirical research, and making future studies more comparable. Finally, the principal advantages of protection motivation theory over the rival formulations of Janis and Leventhal are discussed.
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              Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                michael.tiemann@srh.de
                melvin.mohokum@srh.de
                luka-johanna.debbeler@uni-konstanz.de
                deborah.Wahl@uni-konstanz.de
                karoline.villinger@uni-konstanz.de
                britta.renner@uni-konstanz.de
                Journal
                978-3-662-62426-5
                10.1007/978-3-662-62426-5
                Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung
                Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung
                978-3-662-62425-8
                978-3-662-62426-5
                18 December 2020
                2021
                : 251-261
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Campus Leverkusen, SRH Hochschule für Gesundheit, Leverkusen, Germany
                [2 ]GRID grid.21051.37, ISNI 0000 0001 0601 6589, Fakultät Gesundheit, Sicherheit, Gesellschaft, , Hochschule Furtwangen, ; Furtwangen, Germany
                GRID grid.9811.1, ISNI 0000 0001 0658 7699, Universität Konstanz, ; Konstanz, Deutschland
                Article
                13
                10.1007/978-3-662-62426-5_13
                7985954
                42f1ee28-6a47-4bd0-a664-06da16513de2
                © Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2021

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

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                © Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2021

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