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      Pharmacological effects of medicinal components of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.

      review-article
      1 , 2 , 1 , 1 ,
      Chinese Medicine
      BioMed Central
      Natural product, AL, Pharmacological activities

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          Abstract

          Atractylodes lancea Thunb. DC. (AL) has a long history as one of the important herbs used in East Asia. This review is on the purpose of providing a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological effects of AL and its extractions. The publication from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Wiley database was collected and summarized. The potential application of AL on the disease could be attributed to its pharmacological properties such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other essential effects. Hence, this review aims at providing evidence of the pharmacological activities of AL as one of natural products used in clinical trial.

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          The role of traditional Chinese herbal medicines in cancer therapy--from TCM theory to mechanistic insights.

          Traditional Chinese medicine-based herbal medicines have gained increasing acceptance worldwide in recent years and are being pursued by pharmaceutical companies as rich resources for drug discovery. For many years, traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have been applied for the treatment of cancers in China and beyond. Herbal medicines are generally low in cost, plentiful, and show very little toxicity or side effects in clinical practice. However, despite the vast interest and ever-increasing demand, the absence of strong evidence-based research and the lack of standardization of the herbal products are the main obstacles toward the globalization of TCM. In recent years, TCM research has greatly accelerated with the advancement of analytical technologies and methodologies. This review of TCM specifically used in the treatment of cancer is divided into two parts. Part one provides an overview of the philosophy, approaches and progress in TCM-based cancer therapy. Part two summarizes the current understanding of how TCM-derived compounds function as anticancer drugs. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart-New York.
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            Critical role of mast cells in inflammatory diseases and the effect of acute stress.

            Mast cells are not only necessary for allergic reactions, but recent findings indicate that they are also involved in a variety of neuroinflammatory diseases, especially those worsened by stress. In these cases, mast cells appear to be activated through their Fc receptors by immunoglobulins other than IgE, as well as by anaphylatoxins, neuropeptides and cytokines to secrete mediators selectively without overt degranulation. These facts can help us better understand a variety of sterile inflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), migraines, inflammatory arthritis, atopic dermatitis, coronary inflammation, interstitial cystitis and irritable bowel syndrome, in which mast cells are activated without allergic degranulation.
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              Emerging therapeutic targets in bladder cancer.

              Treatment of muscle invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma (BCa) remains a major challenge. Comprehensive genomic profiling of tumors and identification of driver mutations may reveal new therapeutic targets. This manuscript discusses relevant molecular drivers of the malignant phenotype and agents with therapeutic potential in BCa. Small molecule pan-FGFR inhibitors have shown encouraging efficacy and safety results especially among patients with activating FGFR mutations or translocations. mTOR inhibitors for patients with TSC1 mutations and concomitant targeting of PI3K and MEK represent strategies to block PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Encouraging preclinical results with ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) exemplifies a new potential treatment for HER2-positive BCa along with innovative bispecific antibodies. Inhibitors of cell cycle regulators (aurora kinase, polo-like kinase 1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4) are being investigated in combination with chemotherapy. Early results of clinical studies with anti-CTLA4 and anti-PDL1 are propelling immune modulating drugs to the forefront of emerging treatments for BCa. Collectively, these novel therapeutic targets and treatment strategies hold promise to improve the outcome of patients afflicted with this malignancy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xiejun1122@yeah.net
                pengf123456@gmail.com
                fujing126@yeah.net
                +86-028-6180-0018 , pengchengchengdu@126.com
                Journal
                Chin Med
                Chin Med
                Chinese Medicine
                BioMed Central (London )
                1749-8546
                27 November 2018
                27 November 2018
                2018
                : 13
                : 59
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0376 205X, GRID grid.411304.3, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ; Chengdu, China
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0807 1581, GRID grid.13291.38, West China School of Pharmacy, , Sichuan University, ; Chengdu, China
                Article
                216
                10.1186/s13020-018-0216-7
                6260578
                30505341
                431d95b1-9f58-4625-99d8-9da64778a6ef
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 14 August 2018
                : 20 November 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 81630101
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Complementary & Alternative medicine
                natural product,al,pharmacological activities
                Complementary & Alternative medicine
                natural product, al, pharmacological activities

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