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      Automated immature granulocyte count in patients of the intensive care unit with suspected infection Translated title: Contagem automatizada de granulócitos imaturos em pacientes de uma unidade de terapia intensiva com suspeita de infecção

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Diagnosing infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is vital to provide appropriate therapies. Hematological analyzers perform automated immature granulocyte counts (IG) quickly and with no additional cost when compared to traditional microbiological cultures. Elevated IG is directly associated with infections and inflammation. Objectives: Evaluate IG as infection marker in adult inpatients at the ICU-Complexo Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (CHC-UFPR), compared to cultures of biological materials (gold standard). Material And Methods: Samples of 200 adult inpatients at CHC-UFPR ICU with suspected infection were used. Absolute (IG#) and relative (IG%) counts were performed on the Sysmex XN-3000. Cultures and blood cultures were performed either manually or on Bactec FX. Diagnostic accuracy and agreement for IG# and IG% were evaluated. Results: The reference intervals (RI) obtained for IG# and IG% were 0.06 × 103/µl and 0.6%, respectively, with sensitivity for both of 74.4% and specificity of 25.3% for IG#, and 26.6% for IG%. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed cut-off value of 0.33 × 103/µl for IG#, sensitivity of 28%, specificity of 82.3%, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.521. For IG%, cut-off value was 1.35%, sensitivity 44.6%, specificity 64.6%, and AUC 0.532. CV < 3% increased specificity to 88%. Conclusion: RI of IG% and IG# showed high sensitivity and are useful in screening for infection in ICU patients. The CVs demonstrated by the ROC curves showed high specificity and are helpful on the exclusion of sepsis diagnosis in ICU patients. IG was shown to be useful for screening and confirmation of infection in ICU patients.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: Diagnosticar infecciones en pacientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) es de suma importancia para proporcionar el tratamiento adecuado. El contaje automatizado de granulocitos inmaduros (GI) en analizadores hematológicos es rápido y sin costes adicionales. La elevada tasa de GI está asociada a infecciones. Objetivos: Evaluar GI como indicador de infección en pacientes adultos de la UCI del Complexo Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (CHC-UFPR) en comparación a culturas de materiales biológicos (estándar de oro). Material Y Métodos: Se analizaron muestras de 200 pacientes adultos con sospecha de infección de la UCI del CHC-UFPR. Los conteos automatizados de granulocitos inmaduros absolutos (GI#) e relativos (GI%) se realizaron en el Sysmex-XN-3000, y los cultivos y hemocultivos, manualmente o en el Baetec-FX. Se han evaluado precisión diagnóstica y concordancia para GI# y GI%. Resultados: Los rangos de referencia obtenidos para GI# y GI% fueron 0,06 × 103/µl y 0,6%, respectivamente, con sensibilidad para ambos de 74,4% y especificidad de 25,3% para IG# y 26,6% para IG%. La curva receiver operating characteristic (ROC) ha mostrado valor de corte de 0,33 × 103/µl para IG#, sensibilidad de 28%, especificidad de 82,3% y área bajo la curva (AUC) de 0,521. Para GI%, el valor de corte ha sido 135%, sensibilidad de 44,6%, especificidad de 64,6% y AUC de 0,532. Valores de corte de GI% < 3% aumentaron la especificidad para 88%. Conclusión: Rangos de referencia de GI% y GI# presentaron sensibilidad elevada y son útiles en el triaje de infecciones en pacientes de UCI. Los valores de corte enseñados por las curvas ROC presentaron alta especificidad, permitiendo la identificación adecuada de los pacientes sanos. GI se ha mostrado útil para triaje y confirmación de infección en pacientes de UCI.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Introdução: Diagnosticar infecções em pacientes da unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) é vital para implementar terapias apropriadas. A contagem automatizada de granulócitos imaturos (IG) em analisadores hematológicos é rápida e sem custos adicionais. A taxa de IG elevada está associada a infecções. Objetivos: Avaliar IG como indicador de infecção em pacientes adultos da UTI do Complexo Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (CHC-UFPR) em comparação com culturas de materiais biológicos (padrão-ouro). Material E Métodos: Foram analisadas amostras de 200 pacientes adultos com suspeita de infecção da UTI do CHC-UFPR. As contagens automatizadas de granulócitos imaturos absolutas (IG#) e relativas (IG%) foram realizadas no Sysmex-XN-3000, e as culturas e as hemoculturas, manualmente ou no Bactec-FX. As características de desempenho de teste diagnóstico para IG# e IG% foram avaliadas. Resultados: Os intervalos de referência (IR) obtidos para IG# e IG% foram 0,06 × 103/µl e 0,6%, respectivamente, com sensibilidade para ambos de 74,4% e especificidade de 25,3% para IG# e 26,6% para IG%. A curva receiver operating characteristic (ROC) mostrou valor de corte de 0,33 × 103/µl para IG#, sensibilidade de 28%, especificidade de 82,3% e área sob a curva (AUC) de 0,521. Para IG%, o valor de corte foi de 1,35%, sensibilidade de 44,6%, especificidade de 64,6% e AUC de 0,532. Valores de corte de IG% < 3% aumentaram a especificidade para 88%. Conclusão: IRs de IG% e IG# apresentaram sensibilidade elevada e são úteis na triagem de infecção nos pacientes da UTI. Os VCs demonstrados pelas curvas ROC para IG% e IG# apresentaram elevada especificidade, sendo, portanto, úteis para exclusão de diagnóstico de sepse nos pacientes da UTI. IG mostrou-se útil para triagem e confirmação de infecção em pacientes de UTI.

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          A Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2013 Recommendations by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) a

          Abstract The critical role of the microbiology laboratory in infectious disease diagnosis calls for a close, positive working relationship between the physician and the microbiologists who provide enormous value to the health care team. This document, developed by both laboratory and clinical experts, provides information on which tests are valuable and in which contexts, and on tests that add little or no value for diagnostic decisions. Sections are divided into anatomic systems, including Bloodstream Infections and Infections of the Cardiovascular System, Central Nervous System Infections, Ocular Infections, Soft Tissue Infections of the Head and Neck, Upper Respiratory Infections, Lower Respiratory Tract infections, Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Intraabdominal Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Urinary Tract Infections, Genital Infections, and Skin and Soft Tissue Infections; or into etiologic agent groups, including Tickborne Infections, Viral Syndromes, and Blood and Tissue Parasite Infections. Each section contains introductory concepts, a summary of key points, and detailed tables that list suspected agents; the most reliable tests to order; the samples (and volumes) to collect in order of preference; specimen transport devices, procedures, times, and temperatures; and detailed notes on specific issues regarding the test methods, such as when tests are likely to require a specialized laboratory or have prolonged turnaround times. There is redundancy among the tables and sections, as many agents and assay choices overlap. The document is intended to serve as a reference to guide physicians in choosing tests that will aid them to diagnose infectious diseases in their patients.
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            The epidemiology of sepsis in Brazilian intensive care units (the Sepsis PREvalence Assessment Database, SPREAD): an observational study

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              Characteristics and outcomes of culture-negative versus culture-positive severe sepsis

              Introduction Culture-negative sepsis is a common but relatively understudied condition. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics and outcomes of culture-negative versus culture-positive severe sepsis. Methods This was a prospective observational cohort study of 1001 patients who were admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital from 2004 to 2009 with severe sepsis. Patients with documented fungal, viral, and parasitic infections were excluded. Results There were 415 culture-negative patients (41.5%) and 586 culture-positive patients (58.5%). Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 257 patients, and gram-negative bacteria in 390 patients. Culture-negative patients were more often women and had fewer comorbidities, less tachycardia, higher blood pressure, lower procalcitonin levels, lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (median 25.0 (interquartile range 19.0 to 32.0) versus 27.0 (21.0 to 33.0), P = 0.001) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores, less cardiovascular, central nervous system, and coagulation failures, and less need for vasoactive agents than culture-positive patients. The lungs were a more common site of infection, while urinary tract, soft tissue and skin infections, infective endocarditis and primary bacteremia were less common in culture-negative than in culture-positive patients. Culture-negative patients had a shorter duration of hospital stay (12 days (7.0 to 21.0) versus 15.0 (7.0 to27.0), P = 0.02) and lower ICU mortality than culture-positive patients. Hospital mortality was lower in the culture-negative group (35.9%) than in the culture-positive group (44.0%, P = 0.01), the culture-positive subgroup, which received early appropriate antibiotics (41.9%, P = 0.11), and the culture-positive subgroup, which did not (55.5%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, culture positivity was not independently associated with mortality on multivariable analysis. Conclusions Significant differences between culture-negative and culture-positive sepsis are identified, with the former group having fewer comorbidities, milder severity of illness, shorter hospitalizations, and lower mortality.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jbpml
                Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial
                J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica; Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia; Sociedade Brasileira de Citopatologia (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1676-2444
                1678-4774
                June 2019
                : 55
                : 3
                : 267-280
                Affiliations
                [1] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Complexo Hospital de Clínicas Brazil
                [2] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná Brazil
                Article
                S1676-24442019000300267
                10.5935/1676-2444.20190031
                43468c1c-1b19-46e5-a1e3-22a5dd680fe5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 February 2019
                : 14 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original article

                infección,unidades de terapia intensiva,automação laboratorial,infecção,intensive care units,automation laboratory,infection,unidades de cuidados intensivos,automatización de laboratorios

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