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      Ecosystem health, ecosystem services, and the well‐being of humans and the rest of nature

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          Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.

          Conservationists are far from able to assist all species under threat, if only for lack of funding. This places a premium on priorities: how can we support the most species at the least cost? One way is to identify 'biodiversity hotspots' where exceptional concentrations of endemic species are undergoing exceptional loss of habitat. As many as 44% of all species of vascular plants and 35% of all species in four vertebrate groups are confined to 25 hotspots comprising only 1.4% of the land surface of the Earth. This opens the way for a 'silver bullet' strategy on the part of conservation planners, focusing on these hotspots in proportion to their share of the world's species at risk.
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            Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet

            The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity based on the intrinsic biophysical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth system. Here, we revise and update the planetary boundary framework, with a focus on the underpinning biophysical science, based on targeted input from expert research communities and on more general scientific advances over the past 5 years. Several of the boundaries now have a two-tier approach, reflecting the importance of cross-scale interactions and the regional-level heterogeneity of the processes that underpin the boundaries. Two core boundaries—climate change and biosphere integrity—have been identified, each of which has the potential on its own to drive the Earth system into a new state should they be substantially and persistently transgressed.
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              The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital

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                Author and article information

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                Journal
                Global Change Biology
                Global Change Biology
                Wiley
                1354-1013
                1365-2486
                September 2022
                June 13 2022
                September 2022
                : 28
                : 17
                : 5027-5040
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Independent scholar San José Costa Rica
                [2 ]University College London London UK
                [3 ]The Australian National University Canberra Australia
                [4 ]Foundation for Sustainable Development Wageningen The Netherlands
                [5 ]James Cook University Queensland Australia
                [6 ]Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) ‐ World Agroforestry (ICRAF) Lima Peru
                [7 ]Charles Darwin University Northern Territory Australia
                [8 ]University of Tasmania Tasmania Australia
                [9 ]University of East Anglia Norwich UK
                Article
                10.1111/gcb.16281
                35621920
                434c6c97-b90d-4653-9f57-7bfea3a19776
                © 2022

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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