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      With Big Data Comes Big Responsibilities for Science Equity Research

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          Abstract

          Our ability to collect and access large quantities of data over the last decade has been revolutionary for many social sciences. Suddenly, it is possible to measure human behavior, performance, and activity on an unprecedented scale, opening the door to fundamental advances in discovery and understanding. Yet such access to data has limitations that, if not sufficiently addressed and explored, can result in significant oversights. Here we discuss recent research that used data from a large global sample of high school students to demonstrate, paradoxically, that in nations with higher gender equality, fewer women pursued science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) degrees than would be expected based on aptitude in those subjects. The reasons for observed patterns is central to current debates, with frequent disagreement about the nature and magnitude of problems posed by the lack of female representation in STEM and the best ways to deal with them. In our international efforts to use big data in education research, it is necessary to critically consider its limitations and biases.

          Translated abstract

          Vores evne til at indsamle og bearbejde store mængder data, er i løbet af det sidste årti revolutioneret. Pludselig er det muligt at måle menneskers adfærd, evner og aktiviteter i et hidtil uset omfang. Det åbner for grundlæggende landvindinger i vores forståelser. Dog har sådanne data også begrænsninger, som hvis de ikke tilstrækkeligt adresseres og udforskes, kan føre til væsentlige vildfarelser. Vi diskuterer i denne artikel nyere forskning, der har anvendt data fra en stor global sample af gymnasieelever for at demonstrere, paradoksalt nok, at i lande med højere ligestilling mellem kønnene, søger færre kvinder mod naturvidenskab, teknologi, ingeniørfagene og matematik (STEM), end man kunne forvente baseret på elevernes forudsætningerne til disse fag. Årsagerne til disse mønstre er et centralt input til aktuelle debatter om arten og størrelsen af problemerne som følge af manglen på kvinder i STEM, og de bedste måder at håndtere dem på. I de internationale bestræbelser på at bruge Big Data i uddannelsesforskning, er det nødvendigt kritisk at overveje såvel begrænsninger som bias.

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          Women and science careers: leaky pipeline or gender filter?

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            Gender stereotypes about intellectual ability emerge early and influence children's interests.

            Common stereotypes associate high-level intellectual ability (brilliance, genius, etc.) with men more than women. These stereotypes discourage women's pursuit of many prestigious careers; that is, women are underrepresented in fields whose members cherish brilliance (such as physics and philosophy). Here we show that these stereotypes are endorsed by, and influence the interests of, children as young as 6. Specifically, 6-year-old girls are less likely than boys to believe that members of their gender are "really, really smart." Also at age 6, girls begin to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart." These findings suggest that gendered notions of brilliance are acquired early and have an immediate effect on children's interests.
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              Stereotypic images of the scientist: The draw-a-scientist test

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Microbiol Biol Educ
                J Microbiol Biol Educ
                JMBE
                Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
                American Society of Microbiology
                1935-7877
                1935-7885
                2019
                26 April 2019
                : 20
                : 1
                : 20.1.12
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
                [2 ]Department of Science Education, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849. Phone: 334-844-4830. Fax: 334-844-1645. E-mail: mjb0100@ 123456auburn.edu
                Article
                jmbe-20-12
                10.1128/jmbe.v20i1.1643
                6508910
                43541290-45a8-40c5-96dd-70fdc84e019a
                ©2019 Author(s). Published by the American Society for Microbiology

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ and https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode), which grants the public the nonexclusive right to copy, distribute, or display the published work.

                History
                : 19 June 2018
                : 17 September 2018
                Categories
                International Education

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