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      COVID-19 vaccination among individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A population-based study

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          Abstract

          Background

          Individuals with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) are more susceptible to COVID-19 morbidity and should therefore be prioritized for vaccination. Although individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities are given some priority in Israel, it is unclear to what extent individuals with ASD are being vaccinated relative to that of the general population. This study was aimed to assess vaccination prevalence among individuals with ASD.

          Method

          Individuals with ASD, and age- and sex-matched controls (total n = 11,080), were assessed for prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination by February 2021, approximately a month and a half after the national vaccination distribution plan was launched in Israel. Data were obtained from the database of Clalit Health Services (CHS), the largest healthcare organization in Israel.

          Results

          Individuals with ASD were more likely to be vaccinated for COVID-19 ( OR = 2.55, 95% CI 2.35 - 2.75, p < .001) across both sexes, but only in the 16-20 ( OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.79-2.32, p <  .001) and 21-40 ( OR = 3.95, 95% CI 3.52-4.43, p <  .001) age groups. After adjusting for chronic illnesses, ASD remained significant in predicting the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination.

          Conclusions

          Efforts to prioritize ASD patients may improve vaccination prevalence among individuals with ASD, especially among younger individuals. Healthcare providers worldwide should therefore consider prioritization policies so as to increase vaccination rates among this vulnerable population.

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          COVID-19 vaccination intention in the UK: results from the COVID-19 vaccination acceptability study (CoVAccS), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey

          Susan M Sherman, Louise Smith, Julius Sim … (2020)
          To investigate factors associated with intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1,500 UK adults, recruited from an existing online research panel. Data were collected between 14th and 17th July 2020. We used linear regression analyses to investigate associations between intention to be vaccinated for COVID-19 “when a vaccine becomes available to you” and sociodemographic factors, previous influenza vaccination, general vaccine attitudes and beliefs, attitudes and beliefs about COVID-19, and attitudes and beliefs about a COVID-19 vaccination. 64% of participants reported being very likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19, 27% were unsure, and 9% reported being very unlikely to be vaccinated. Personal and clinical characteristics, previous influenza vaccination, general vaccination beliefs, and beliefs and attitudes about COVID-19 and a COVID-19 vaccination explained 76% of the variance in vaccination intention. Intention to be vaccinated was associated with more positive general COVID-19 vaccination beliefs and attitudes, weaker beliefs that the vaccination would cause side effects or be unsafe, greater perceived information sufficiency to make an informed decision about COVID-19 vaccination, greater perceived risk of COVID-19 to others (but not risk to oneself), older age, and having been vaccinated for influenza last winter (2019/20). Despite uncertainty around the details of a COVID-19 vaccination, most participants reported intending to be vaccinated for COVID-19. Actual uptake may be lower. Vaccination intention reflects general vaccine beliefs and attitudes. Campaigns and messaging about a COVID-19 vaccination could consider emphasizing the risk of COVID-19 to others and necessity for everyone to be vaccinated.
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            Vaccine confidence in the time of COVID-19

            Emily Harrison, Julia W Wu (2020)
            In the early months of the COVID-19 epidemic, some have wondered if the force of this global experience will solve the problem of vaccine refusal that has vexed and preoccupied the global public health community for the last several decades. Drawing on historical and epidemiological analyses, we critique contemporary approaches to reducing vaccine hesitancy and articulate our notion of vaccine confidence as an expanded way of conceptualizing the problem and how to respond to it. Intervening on the rush of vaccine optimism we see pervading present discourse around the COVID-19 epidemic, we call for a re-imagination of the culture of public health and the meaning of vaccine safety regulations. Public confidence in vaccination programs depends on the work they do for the community—social, political, and moral as well as biological. The concept of public health and its programs must be broader than the delivery of the vaccine technology itself. The narrative work and policy actions entailed in actualizing such changes will, we expect, be essential in achieving a true vaccine confidence, however the public reacts to the specific vaccine that may be developed for COVID-19.
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              Examining the impact of COVID‐19 in ethnically diverse families with young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities

              C Neece, L L McIntyre, R. Fenning (2020)
              Abstract Background The COVID‐19 pandemic introduced challenges to families with young children with developmental delays. Beyond the widespread concerns surrounding illness, loss of employment and social isolation, caregivers are responsible for overseeing their children's educational and therapeutic programmes at home often without the much needed support of professionals. Method The present study sought to examine the impact of COVID‐19 in 77 ethnically, linguistically and socioeconomically diverse families with young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) in California and Oregon, who were participating in larger intervention studies. Parents responded to five interview questions about the impact of the pandemic, services for their child, silver linings or positive aspects, coping and their concerns about the long‐term impact of the pandemic. Results Parents reported that their biggest challenge was being at home caring for their children with the loss of many essential services. Parents reported some positive aspects of the pandemic, especially being together as a family. Although there were positive aspects of the situation, many parents expressed concern about long‐term impacts of the pandemic on their children's development, given the loss of services, education and social engagement opportunities. Conclusion Results suggest that parents of young children with IDD report significant challenges at home during the pandemic. Professional support, especially during the reopening phases, will be critical to support family well‐being and child developmental outcomes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Res Autism Spectr Disord
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Res Autism Spectr Disord
                Title: Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
                Publisher: Published by Elsevier Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 1750-9467
                ISSN (Electronic): 1750-9467
                Publication date PMC-release: 17 September 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 September 2021
                Electronic Location Identifier: 101865
                Affiliations
                [a ]Hospitals Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
                [b ]Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
                [c ]Shalvata Mental Health Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
                [d ]Department of Quality Measurements and Research, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
                [e ]Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
                [f ]Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Israel
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S1750-9467(21)00140-9 Publisher ID: 101865
                DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101865
                PMC ID: 8445801
                PubMed ID: 34548878
                SO-VID: 436b115b-43ec-48ff-ad63-700441a9214f
                Copyright © © 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 12 May 2021
                Date revision received : 14 September 2021
                Date accepted : 14 September 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Brief Report

                Keywords: autism spectrum disorder,covid-19,vaccination,cohort
                Data availability:
                Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, covid-19, vaccination, cohort

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