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      First records of the Palaestes abruptus Sharp, 1899 and P. nicaraguae Sharp, 1899 (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) from South America, with a checklist of flat bark beetles from the continent

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          Abstract

          Background

          The flat bark beetles ( Coleoptera : Cucujidae ) is a small insect family with only about 70 species. Most of the species are distributed in Holarctic, Oriental and/or Australasian realms, while in South America, only six species have been recorded, including a single one known from Peru.

          New information

          Two cucujid beetle species, Palaestes abruptus Sharp, 1899 and P. nicaraguae Sharp, 1899, are recorded from South America for the first time. The species are recorded from the Pasco ( P. abruptus ) and Cusco and Junín ( P. nicaraguae ) Regions of Peru, based, in part, on data collected through the iNaturalist citizen science database. Habitats of both species are presented in photographs for the first time. A country-level checklist to Cucujidae species currently known from South America is provided.

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          Most cited references41

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          Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.

          Conservationists are far from able to assist all species under threat, if only for lack of funding. This places a premium on priorities: how can we support the most species at the least cost? One way is to identify 'biodiversity hotspots' where exceptional concentrations of endemic species are undergoing exceptional loss of habitat. As many as 44% of all species of vascular plants and 35% of all species in four vertebrate groups are confined to 25 hotspots comprising only 1.4% of the land surface of the Earth. This opens the way for a 'silver bullet' strategy on the part of conservation planners, focusing on these hotspots in proportion to their share of the world's species at risk.
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            Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution

            We present new global maps of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification at an unprecedented 1-km resolution for the present-day (1980–2016) and for projected future conditions (2071–2100) under climate change. The present-day map is derived from an ensemble of four high-resolution, topographically-corrected climatic maps. The future map is derived from an ensemble of 32 climate model projections (scenario RCP8.5), by superimposing the projected climate change anomaly on the baseline high-resolution climatic maps. For both time periods we calculate confidence levels from the ensemble spread, providing valuable indications of the reliability of the classifications. The new maps exhibit a higher classification accuracy and substantially more detail than previous maps, particularly in regions with sharp spatial or elevation gradients. We anticipate the new maps will be useful for numerous applications, including species and vegetation distribution modeling. The new maps including the associated confidence maps are freely available via www.gloh2o.org/koppen.
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              MANDIBULAR STRUCTURE AND FEEDING HABITS OF THREE MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR COLEOPTEROUS LARVAE: CUCUJUS CLAVIPES (CUCUJIDAE), DENDROIDES CANADENSIS (PYROCHROIDAE), AND PYTHO DEPRESSUS (SALPINGIDAE)

              Larvae of Cucujus clavipes (Fabricius) and Dendroides canadensis (Latreille) are frequently found under bark of decaying hardwood logs and those of Pytho depressus (Linnaeus) under that of dead conifers, especially pine ( Pinus spp.) (Anderson and Nilssen 1978). Larvae of all three species have a dorsoventrally depressed, orthosomatic body and are well adapted for activity in the cambial layer. In dead trees, this area contains partially decomposed wood and bark resulting from the activity of phytophagous insects and other small invertebrates. According to textbooks of general entomology and other entomological literature, species within the genera Cucujus, Dendroides , and Pytho are predacious on other insects found in the cambial layer (Arnett 1968; Borrer et al. 1976; Borror and White 1970; Essig 1926; Peterson 1951; Swan and Papp 1972). However, no specific references to original studies demonstrating this type of feeding behaviour could be found. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of food consumed by larvae of these species and to determine if the structure of their mandibles and other mouthparts were indicative of such food consumption.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Biodivers Data J
                Biodivers Data J
                1
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:F9B2E808-C883-5F47-B276-6D62129E4FF4
                urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:245B00E9-BFE5-4B4F-B76E-15C30BA74C02
                Biodiversity Data Journal
                Pensoft Publishers
                1314-2836
                1314-2828
                2021
                17 February 2021
                : 9
                : e62576
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz Łódź Poland
                [2 ] Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz Łódź Poland
                [3 ] Entomology Research Collection, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand Entomology Research Collection, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University Christchurch New Zealand
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Radomir Jaskuła ( radomir.jaskula@ 123456biol.uni.lodz.pl ).

                Academic editor: Yasen Mutafchiev

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8949-848X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8001-4140
                Article
                62576 15438
                10.3897/BDJ.9.e62576
                7904749
                4370bc49-ea67-4044-9f99-9d0edca0c0f3
                Radomir Jaskuła, Marek Michalski, John W. M. Marris

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 29 December 2020
                : 04 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 1, References: 36
                Categories
                Taxonomic Paper
                Cucujidae
                Biogeography
                Biodiversity & Conservation
                South America

                palaestes , thesaurus , cucujidae , coleoptera ,brazil,ecuador,peru,venezuela,checklist,inaturalist,citizen science

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