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      Pattern of congenital anomalies at birth and their correlations with maternal characteristics in the maternity teaching hospital, Erbil city, Iraq

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          Abstract

          Background

          Congenital anomalies are a worldwide problem, causing perinatal and infant deaths and postnatal physical disabilities. This study aimed to determine the pattern and associated factors of the congenital anomalies in newborns delivered at the Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil city.

          Methods

          All the births occurring in the labor room of the Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil city, Kurdistan region, Iraq between 1st April 2015 and the end of March 2016 were recorded. All babies with congenital anomalies were identified. The rate and common types of congenital anomalies were estimated. A case-control study was conducted involving all women who had babies with congenital anomalies and the same number whose babies had no congenital anomalies. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire.

          Results

          Of the 35,803 recorded births in the Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil, 130 women delivered babies with at least one congenital anomaly, giving a rate of 3.63/1000 deliveries. The most common area for anomalies was the central nervous system (37.7%) followed by the musculoskeletal (23.1%) and gastrointestinal systems (20.8%). There was a statistically significant association between having a child with congenital anomalies and a maternal history of previous congenital anomalies (odds ratio [OR] 59.0, 95% CI 5.74–607.0), parental consanguinity (OR 6.26, 95% CI 2.42–16.19), and history of medical disorders (OR 153.2, 95% CI 25.9–905.4). Maternal occupation and smoking did not have any influence to develop congenital anomalies (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.12–3.97 and OR 1.22,95% CI 0.19–7.93).

          Conclusion

          Anomalies were most likely to be in the central nervous system. Maternal history of previous congenital anomalies, parental consanguinity, and history of medical disorders were the most important factors associated with congenital anomalies. This study provides baseline information for future prevention and better management of patients likely to have babies with congenital anomalies. More research is required to identify the factors responsible for the different types of congenital anomalies.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-018-2141-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references29

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          Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and the risks for specific birth defects: a population-based case-control study.

          Although the excess risk for birth defects among children of mothers with diabetes mellitus is well documented, there are few data concerning the risk for specific malformations. In the Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study, those risks for malformations were evaluated. The population-based study included 4929 live and stillborn babies with major malformations ascertained by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program in the first year of life born to residents of Metropolitan Atlanta between 1968 and 1980. The study also included 3029 nonmalformed live babies who were frequency-matched to case babies by race, period of birth, and hospital of birth. The relative risk for major malformations among infants of mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (n = 28) was 7.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]1.9, 33.5) compared with infants of nondiabetic mothers. The relative risks for major central nervous system and cardiovascular system defects were 15.5 (95% CI = 3.3, 73.8) and 18.0 (95% CI = 3.9, 82.5), respectively. The absolute risks for major, central nervous system, and cardiovascular system malformations among infants of diabetic mothers were 18.4, 5.3, and 8.5 per 100 live births, respectively. Infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus who required insulin during the third trimester of pregnancy were 20.6 (95% CI = 2.5, 168.5) times more likely to have major cardiovascular system defects than infants of nondiabetic mothers. The absolute risk for infants of this group of diabetic mothers was 9.7%. No statistically significant differences were found among infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus who did not require insulin during pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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            Birth prevalence of disorders detectable through newborn screening by race/ethnicity.

            The purpose of this study was to describe the birth prevalence of genetic disorders among different racial/ethnic groups through population-based newborn screening data.
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              Elevated maternal hemoglobin A1c in early pregnancy and major congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                sozan_gardi@yahoo.com
                shahla_alaf@yahoo.com
                nazarshabila@gmail.com
                Journal
                BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
                BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
                BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2393
                18 December 2018
                18 December 2018
                2018
                : 18
                : 501
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Kurdistan region Iraq
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0417 5553, GRID grid.412012.4, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, , College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, ; Erbil, Kurdistan region Iraq
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0417 5553, GRID grid.412012.4, Department of Community Medicine, , College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, ; Erbil, Kurdistan region Iraq
                Article
                2141
                10.1186/s12884-018-2141-2
                6299654
                30563491
                4386070b-689d-4dfe-a6d5-f7fc4ef50c73
                © The Author(s). 2018

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 24 September 2017
                : 11 December 2018
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                congenital anomalies,neonate,pattern,associated factors
                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                congenital anomalies, neonate, pattern, associated factors

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