8
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Genetic Polymorphism Predisposing to Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Review of Major Findings of the Genome-Wide Association Studies

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Thyroid cancer has one of the highest hereditary component among human malignancies as seen in medical epidemiology investigations, suggesting the potential meaningfulness of genetic studies. Here we review researches into genetic variations that influence the chance of developing non-familial differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), focusing on the major findings of the genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To date, eight GWAS have been performed, and the association of a number of SNPs have been reproduced in dozens of replication investigations across different ethnicities, including Korea and Japan. Despite the cumulative effect of the strongest SNPs demonstrates gradual increase in the risk for cancer and their association signals are statistically quite significant, the overall prediction ability for DTC appears to be very limited. Thus, genotyping of common SNPs only would be insufficient for evidence-based counseling in clinical setting at present. Further studies to include less significant and rare SNPs, non-SNP genetic information, gene-gene interactions, ethnicity, non-genetic and environmental factors, and development of more advanced computational algorithms are warranted to approach to personalized disease risk prediction and prognostication.

          Related collections

          Most cited references43

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Systematic population-based assessment of cancer risk in first-degree relatives of cancer probands.

          Cancer has long been recognized to have a familial component. Elevated risks for cancers at the same site for relatives of cancer probands have been reported for both common cancers and a number of the rarer cancer sites. For a particular cancer site, however, the estimated risks to relatives have varied considerably depending on criteria for selection of probands, how cancers were determined in relatives, and overall study design. Not surprisingly, the estimated risks of other cancers in relatives of probands with cancer at a given site have been subject to even more variation. The aim of this study was to use the Utah Population Database resource to systematically study familial clustering of 28 distinct cancer site definitions among first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, and off-spring) of cancer probands. We estimated familial relative risks from the Utah Population Database by identifying all cases of cancer in these first-degree relatives. These observed values were compared with those expected based on cohort-specific internal rates calculated from 399,786 relatives of all individuals in the Utah Population Database known to have died in Utah. All sites showed an excess of cancers of the same site among relatives, with thyroid and colon cancers and lymphocytic leukemia showing the highest familial risks. When the analyses were restricted to cases with early ages at diagnosis, increased familial components for most cancer sites became evident. A significant difference in familial relative risk (FRR) between male (FRR = 4.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.13-5.07) and female (FRR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.54-3.08) probands was found for colon cancer. Highly significant familial associations (one-sided; P < .001) were found among breast, colon, and prostate cancers and between breast and thyroid cancers. Statistically significant (one-sided, P < .01) associations were also found between tobacco-associated sites (lung, larynx, lip, and cervix). This study represents a unique comprehensive population-based study of familial cancer. The familial associations reported here will be useful in generating hypotheses about specific genetic and environmental factors that can be tested in genetic linkage and case-control studies.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Environmental and heritable causes of cancer among 9.6 million individuals in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database.

            The genetic and environmental components in 15 common cancers were estimated using the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Tetrachoric correlations were used to describe similarity in cancer liability among family members. Structural equation modeling was used to derive estimates of the importance of genetic and environmental effects. Statistically significant estimates of proportion of cancer susceptibility, accounted for by genetic effects, were obtained for all studied cancers except for leukemia. The estimate was highest in thyroid cancer (53%), followed by tumors at endocrine glands (28%), testis (25%), breast (25%), cervix (22%), melanoma (21%), colon (13%), nervous system (12%), rectum (12%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (10%), lung (8%), kidney (8%), urinary bladder (7%), stomach (1%) and leukemia (1%). The estimates of shared environmental effects ranged from 0% (cervix) to 15% (stomach). The childhood shared environmental effects were most important in testicular cancer (17%), stomach cancer (13%) and cervix in situ (13%). Our results indicate that environment has a principal causative role in cancer at all studied sites except for thyroid. The relatively large effect of heritability in cancer at some sites, on the other hand, indicates that even though susceptibility genes have been described at many cancer sites, they are likely to explain only part of the genetic effects. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Relief of feedback inhibition of HER3 transcription by RAF and MEK inhibitors attenuates their antitumor effects in BRAF-mutant thyroid carcinomas.

              The RAF inhibitor vemurafenib (PLX4032) increases survival in patients with BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma, but has limited efficacy in patients with colorectal cancers. Thyroid cancer cells are also comparatively refractory to RAF inhibitors. In contrast to melanomas, inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling by PLX4032 is transient in thyroid and colorectal cancer cells. The rebound in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in thyroid cells is accompanied by increased HER3 signaling caused by induction of ERBB3 (HER3) transcription through decreased promoter occupancy by the transcriptional repressors C-terminal binding protein 1 and 2 and by autocrine secretion of neuregulin-1 (NRG1). The HER kinase inhibitor lapatinib prevents MAPK rebound and sensitizes BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells to RAF or MAP-ERK kinase inhibitors. This provides a rationale for combining ERK pathway antagonists with inhibitors of feedback-reactivated HER signaling in this disease. The determinants of primary resistance to MAPK inhibitors vary between cancer types, due to preferential upregulation of specific receptor tyrosine kinases, and the abundance of their respective ligands.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)
                Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)
                ENM
                Endocrinology and Metabolism
                Korean Endocrine Society
                2093-596X
                2093-5978
                June 2018
                21 June 2018
                : 33
                : 2
                : 164-174
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
                [2 ]Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Vladimir A. Saenko. Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. Tel: +81-95-819-7122, Fax: +81-95-819-7169, saenko@ 123456nagasaki-u.ac.jp
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2844-3121
                Article
                10.3803/EnM.2018.33.2.164
                6021315
                29947173
                43930c8e-95a3-4df5-a562-58219a79e284
                Copyright © 2018 Korean Endocrine Society

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 24 April 2018
                : 04 May 2018
                : 10 May 2018
                Categories
                Review Article

                thyroid neoplasms,genetic loci,genome-wide association study,polymorphism, single nucleotide,genetic predisposition to disease,genetic testing

                Comments

                Comment on this article