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      Influence of age and maturation on perceived collective efficacy in youth basketball players Translated title: Influencia de la edad y la maduración en la eficacia colectiva percibida en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto Translated title: Influência da idade e da maturação na eficácia coletiva percebida em jovens jogadores de basquetebol

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Growth and maturation impact the development of young athletes' physique and function, and may also influence their psychological and behavioral characteristics. Collective efficacy (CE), a psychological measure and potential mediator of sports performance, may be influenced by maturity status. However, there is scarce information available regarding young players' perceptions of CE and the relationship between the CE and the young athletes' maturity status. Therefore, this study examined the perceived CE variation between young basketball players accounting for the influence of chronological age and biological maturity status. The sample included fifty-seven adolescent basketball players aged 9.5 to 15.5 years. Chronological age, estimated age at peak height velocity (PHV) and CE through the Portuguese version of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports were considered. Bayesian multilevel modeling was used to examine the athletes' perceived CE dimensions variation by age and maturity status. Overall, the adolescent basketball players' perceived CE scores were high for all dimensions: ability (8.77±1.15); effort (9.20±1.03); persistence (8.87±1.18); preparation (8.96±1.08); unity (8.88±1.22). The variability estimates were very large, suggesting that the influence of maturity status on variation may be residual. There was no substantial relation between chronological age and the CE variation scores, although the results suggest that perceived variation was independent of chronological age variation and between players variation in maturity status. Given the small, localized sample investigated, further studies examining the relations of chronological age, maturity status, and perceived CE are suggested for better understanding the young athletes' development in sport.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN El crecimiento y la maduración afectan el desarrollo físico y la función de jóvenes atletas, y también pueden influir en sus características psicológicas y comportamentales. La eficacia colectiva (EC), una medida psicológica y un mediador potencial del rendimiento deportivo, puede verse influida por la etapa maduracional. Sin embargo, hay poca información disponible sobre las percepciones de jóvenes jugadores sobre la EC y la relación entre la CE y la etapa maduracional de jóvenes atletas. Así, este estudio examinó la variación de la EC entre jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto, considerando la influencia de la edad cronológica y de la etapa maduracional. Fueron considerados y analizados, en su edad cronológica, la edad estimada en el pico de velocidad de crecimiento (PHV) y la EC, 57 jugadores de baloncesto de 9,5 a 15,5 años a través de la versión Inglesa del Cuestionario de Eficacia Colectiva para Deportes. Una serie de modelos Bayesianos de regresión lineal multinivel fue utilizada para estimar la EC percibida por los atletas de acuerdo con sus edades cronológicas y etapas maduracionales. En general, los escores de EC de los atletas fueron elevados en todas las dimensiones: habilidad (8,77±1,15); esfuerzo (9,20±1,03); persistencia (8,87±1,18); preparación (8,96±1,08); unidad (8,88±1,22). Las estimaciones de variabilidad fueron muy grandes, sugiriendo que la influencia de la etapa maduracional sobre la EC es residual. No hubo relación sustancial entre la edad cronológica y los escores de EC, aunque los resultados sugieren que la EC fue independiente de la variación de la edad cronológica y de la variación en las etapas maduracionales entre los atletas. Dada la pequeña y localizada muestra investigada, se sugieren estudios adicionales que examinen las relaciones entre edad cronológica, etapa maduracional y EC para comprender mejor el desarrollo de los atletas jóvenes en el deporte.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O crescimento e a maturação afetam o desenvolvimento físico e a função de atletas jovens, e também podem influenciar suas características psicológicas e comportamentais. A eficácia coletiva (EC), uma medida psicológica e potencial mediadora do desempenho esportivo, pode ser influenciada pelo estágio maturacional. No entanto, há escassa informação disponível sobre a percepção de EC de jovens jogadores e sobre e a relação entre a EC e o estágio maturacional. Portanto, este estudo examinou a variação da EC entre jovens jogadores de basquetebol, considerando a influência da idade cronológica e do estágio maturacional. Foram considerados e analisados em sua idade cronológica, na idade estimada no pico de velocidade de crescimento (PHV) e na EC, 57 atletas de basquetebol adolescentes com idades entre 9,5 e 15,5 anos por meio da versão portuguesa do Questionário de Eficácia Coletiva para Esportes. Utilizou-se uma série de modelos Bayesianos de regressão linear multinível para estimar a EC percebida pelos atletas de acordo com sua idade cronológica e estágios maturacionais. No geral, os escores de EC dos atletas foram elevados em todas as dimensões: capacidade (8,77±1,15); esforço (9,20±1,03); persistência (8,87±1,18); preparação (8,96±1,08); unidade (8,88±1,22). As estimativas de variabilidade foram muito grandes, sugerindo que a influência do estágio maturacional sobre a EC seja residual. Não houve relação substancial entre a idade cronológica e os escores de EC, embora os resultados sugiram que a EC percebida tenha sido independente da variação da idade cronológica e da variação nos estágios maturacionais entre os atletas. Considerando a amostra pequena e localizada investigada, sugerem-se estudos adicionais que examinem as relações entre idade cronológica, estágio maturacional e EC para melhor entender o desenvolvimento dos jovens atletas no esporte.

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          Most cited references18

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          Sports teams as superorganisms: implications of sociobiological models of behaviour for research and practice in team sports performance analysis.

          Significant criticisms have emerged on the way that collective behaviours in team sports have been traditionally evaluated. A major recommendation has been for future research and practice to focus on the interpersonal relationships developed between team players during performance. Most research has typically investigated team game performance in subunits (attack or defence), rather than considering the interactions of performers within the whole team. In this paper, we offer the view that team performance analysis could benefit from the adoption of biological models used to explain how repeated interactions between grouping individuals scale to emergent social collective behaviours. We highlight the advantages of conceptualizing sports teams as functional integrated 'super-organisms' and discuss innovative measurement tools, which might be used to capture the superorganismic properties of sports teams. These tools are suitable for revealing the idiosyncratic collective behaviours underlying the cooperative and competitive tendencies of different sports teams, particularly their coordination of labour and the most frequent channels of communication and patterns of interaction between team players. The principles and tools presented here can serve as the basis for novel approaches and applications of performance analysis devoted to understanding sports teams as cohesive, functioning, high-order organisms exhibiting their own peculiar behavioural patterns.
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            Development and Preliminary Validation of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports

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              Maturity offset in gymnasts: application of a prediction equation.

              To verify the applicability of the prediction equation for maturity offset in a sample of female gymnasts followed longitudinally through adolescence.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpd
                Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
                CPD
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain )
                1578-8423
                1989-5879
                2019
                : 19
                : 1
                : 275-282
                Affiliations
                [1] Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Brazil
                Article
                S1578-84232019000100275 S1578-8423(19)01900100275
                43a7228a-dde2-4ac8-853b-8c3a29734809

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 December 2018
                : 29 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Sports psychology,Crecimiento y desarrollo,Estudo da eficácia,Psicologia do esporte,Growth and development,Psicología del deporte,Crescimento e desenvolvimento,Efficacy research,Estudio de la eficacia

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