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      THE EVOLVING GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, SYNDROMIC CLASSIFICATION, MANAGEMENT, AND PREVENTION OF CATERPILLAR ENVENOMING

      The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
      American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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          Abstract

          Caterpillars are the wormlike, larval forms of butterflies and moths of the insect order Lepidoptera. Next to flies, lepidopterans are the most abundant arthropods with more than 165,000 species worldwide, and with most species posing no human threats. However, caterpillar species from approximately 12 families of moths or butterflies worldwide can inflict serious human injuries ranging from urticarial dermatitis and atopic asthma to osteochondritis, consumption coagulopathy, renal failure, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Unlike bees and wasps, envenoming or stinging caterpillars do not possess stingers or modified ovipositors attached to venom glands, but instead bear highly specialized external nettling or urticating hairs and breakaway spines or setae to defend against attacks by predators and enemies. Since the 1970s, there have been increasing reports of mass dermatolgic, pulmonary, and systemic reactions following caterpillar encounters throughout the world.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
          American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
          0002-9637
          1476-1645
          March 01 2005
          March 01 2005
          : 72
          : 3
          : 347-357
          Article
          10.4269/ajtmh.2005.72.347
          15772333
          43b42bb9-9e75-4a7a-8ba0-44cb7f450215
          © 2005
          History

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