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      Effect of alcoholic fermentation in the content of phenolic compounds in cider processing

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          Abstract

          The objective of this work was to study the effect of alcoholic fermentation on the content of phenol compounds of five cider apple varieties. The initial content in the apple juice samples, as determined by HPLC, varied from 188.4 to 2776.17 m mg.L-1. In three of them (DC, PJ, GU), the total phenol compounds remained unaffected by fermentation. However, in two (DM, KE), the final values were lower (55 and 313 mg.L-1). In these apple cider, the values of caffeic acid increased from 6.6 mg.L-1 to 41.8 mg.L-1. The catechin content increased during the process, approximately 13 mg.L-1 independent of the variety. The other phenols class did not present any modifications due to the alcoholic fermentation, maintaining the phenolic compounds of original clarified apple juice in the cider.

          Translated abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da fermentação alcoólica no teor de compostos fenólicos de cinco mostos de maçãs industriais. Os compostos fenólicos foram analisados por HPLC. Os mostos apresentaram fenóis totais entre 188,4 a 2776,17 mg.L-1. Os teores de fenóis durante a fermentação permaneceram os mesmos para as variedades DC, PJ e GU, entretanto, em DM e KE foi observada uma diminuição dos teores de fenóis (55 e 313 mg.L-1, respectivamente). Em KE o teor do ácido caféico aumentou de 6,6 mg.L-1 para 41,8 mg.L-1. O teor de catequinas aumentou cerca de 13 mg.L-1 durante o processo, independente da variedade. As outras classes de fenóis não apresentaram modificações com a fermentação alcoólica, permanecendo na sidra os compostos fenólicos do suco de maçã clarificado.

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          Most cited references35

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          Plant products as antimicrobial agents.

          The use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethnopharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists, and natural-products chemists are combing the Earth for phytochemicals and "leads" which could be developed for treatment of infectious diseases. While 25 to 50% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from plants, none are used as antimicrobials. Traditional healers have long used plants to prevent or cure infectious conditions; Western medicine is trying to duplicate their successes. Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties. This review attempts to summarize the current status of botanical screening efforts, as well as in vivo studies of their effectiveness and toxicity. The structure and antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals are also addressed. Since many of these compounds are currently available as unregulated botanical preparations and their use by the public is increasing rapidly, clinicians need to consider the consequences of patients self-medicating with these preparations.
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            Interactions between apple cell walls and native apple polyphenols: quantification and some consequences.

            Cell walls were prepared from apple parenchyma by a phenol:buffer procedure. Polyphenols were extracted from freeze-dried apple parenchyma by methanol and water:acetone, and purified by preparative HPLC. Interactions were quantified by bringing into contact suspended cell walls and polyphenol solutions. Hydroxycinnamic acids and (-)-epicatechin did not bind to cell walls. Binding of procyanidins was fast and reached up to 0.6 g per g cell walls. The amounts of procyanidins bound increased with the initial concentration and with DPn. Procyanidins could be partially desorbed by buffer, more being desorbed in the presence of dissolved cell wall polysaccharides. They were totally desorbed using 8 M urea or acetone:water. Higher polymers were bound selectively from procyanidin mixtures, and very high average DPn were obtained in extensively washed complexes. Binding of procyanidins inhibited enzymic degradation of the cell walls.
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              Flavonoid and chlorogenic acid levels in apple fruit: characterisation of variation

                Author and article information

                Journal
                babt
                Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
                Braz. arch. biol. technol.
                Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar (Curitiba, PR, Brazil )
                1516-8913
                1678-4324
                October 2008
                : 51
                : 5
                : 1025-1032
                Affiliations
                [01] Ponta Grossa Paraná orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa orgdiv1Campus de Uvaranas orgdiv2Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos Brasil alessandro.nogueira@ 123456pesquisador.cnpq.br
                [02] LeRheu Britain orgnameInstitut Nationale de la Recherche Agronomique orgdiv1Station de Recherche Cidricole et Biotransformation des Legumes French
                Article
                S1516-89132008000500020 S1516-8913(08)05100520
                10.1590/S1516-89132008000500020
                43d34455-35ee-49aa-87dd-8a4216a42c55

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 November 2006
                : 27 May 2008
                : 19 November 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Food Science and Technology

                fermentation alcoholic,polyphenols,cider
                fermentation alcoholic, polyphenols, cider

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