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      Environmental and heritable causes of cancer among 9.6 million individuals in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database.

      1 ,   ,
      International journal of cancer
      Wiley

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          Abstract

          The genetic and environmental components in 15 common cancers were estimated using the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Tetrachoric correlations were used to describe similarity in cancer liability among family members. Structural equation modeling was used to derive estimates of the importance of genetic and environmental effects. Statistically significant estimates of proportion of cancer susceptibility, accounted for by genetic effects, were obtained for all studied cancers except for leukemia. The estimate was highest in thyroid cancer (53%), followed by tumors at endocrine glands (28%), testis (25%), breast (25%), cervix (22%), melanoma (21%), colon (13%), nervous system (12%), rectum (12%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (10%), lung (8%), kidney (8%), urinary bladder (7%), stomach (1%) and leukemia (1%). The estimates of shared environmental effects ranged from 0% (cervix) to 15% (stomach). The childhood shared environmental effects were most important in testicular cancer (17%), stomach cancer (13%) and cervix in situ (13%). Our results indicate that environment has a principal causative role in cancer at all studied sites except for thyroid. The relatively large effect of heritability in cancer at some sites, on the other hand, indicates that even though susceptibility genes have been described at many cancer sites, they are likely to explain only part of the genetic effects.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Int J Cancer
          International journal of cancer
          Wiley
          0020-7136
          0020-7136
          May 10 2002
          : 99
          : 2
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden. kamila.czene@cnt.ki.se.
          Article
          10.1002/ijc.10332
          11979442
          43d8f429-f901-4c60-96c1-81726ab70d12
          Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
          History

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