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      Roles of tRNA-derived fragments in human cancers.

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          Abstract

          Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) were traditionally considered to participate in protein translation. Recent studies have identified a novel class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), produced by the specific cleavage of pre- and mature tRNAs, which have been named tRNA-derived fragments. tRNA-derived fragments are classified into diverse subtypes based on the different cleavage positions of the pre- and mature tRNAs. Recently, accumulated evidence has shown that these tRNA-derived fragments are frequently dysregulated in several cancers. Several tRNA-derived fragments were found to participate in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasive metastasis in several malignant human tumors. These dysregulated fragments are able to bind both Argonaute proteins and Piwi proteins to regulate gene expression. Some of the newly identified tRNA-derived fragments have been considered as the new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. This review summarizes the biogenesis and biological functions of different subtypes of tRNA-derived fragments and discusses their molecular mechanisms in cancer progression.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Cancer Lett.
          Cancer letters
          Elsevier BV
          1872-7980
          0304-3835
          Feb 01 2018
          : 414
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
          [2 ] Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Maternity and Child Medical Institute, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.
          [3 ] Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China; The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
          [4 ] Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. Electronic address: real.lw@163.com.
          [5 ] Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. Electronic address: ymyin@njmu.edu.cn.
          Article
          S0304-3835(17)30668-7
          10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.031
          29107107
          441f7805-8b3f-49a3-a1e8-0715cf9e227e
          History

          Biomarker,Cancer progression,Gene regulation,tRNA-derived fragments

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