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Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis
Author(s):
S.M. O’Mahony
,
G. Clarke
,
Y.E. Borre
,
T.G. Dinan
,
J.F. Cryan
Publication date
Created:
January 2015
Publication date
(Print):
January 2015
Journal:
Behavioural Brain Research
Publisher:
Elsevier BV
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Abstract
The brain-gut axis is a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin functions as a key neurotransmitter at both terminals of this network. Accumulating evidence points to a critical role for the gut microbiome in regulating normal functioning of this axis. In particular, it is becoming clear that the microbial influence on tryptophan metabolism and the serotonergic system may be an important node in such regulation. There is also substantial overlap between behaviours influenced by the gut microbiota and those which rely on intact serotonergic neurotransmission. The developing serotonergic system may be vulnerable to differential microbial colonisation patterns prior to the emergence of a stable adult-like gut microbiota. At the other extreme of life, the decreased diversity and stability of the gut microbiota may dictate serotonin-related health problems in the elderly. The mechanisms underpinning this crosstalk require further elaboration but may be related to the ability of the gut microbiota to control host tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway, thereby simultaneously reducing the fraction available for serotonin synthesis and increasing the production of neuroactive metabolites. The enzymes of this pathway are immune and stress-responsive, both systems which buttress the brain-gut axis. In addition, there are neural processes in the gastrointestinal tract which can be influenced by local alterations in serotonin concentrations with subsequent relay of signals along the scaffolding of the brain-gut axis to influence CNS neurotransmission. Therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota might be a viable treatment strategy for serotonin-related brain-gut axis disorders. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Cancer Metabolism
Author and article information
Journal
Title:
Behavioural Brain Research
Abbreviated Title:
Behavioural Brain Research
Publisher:
Elsevier BV
ISSN (Print):
01664328
Publication date Created:
January 2015
Publication date (Print):
January 2015
Volume
: 277
Pages
: 32-48
Article
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.027
PubMed ID:
25078296
SO-VID:
443c9ea7-ca62-465c-9e6b-2216ec058d45
Copyright ©
© 2015
License:
https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/
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